Effect of Precocious Puberty on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Female Rats / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of precocious puberty on glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism in female rats. MethodsSixty two-day-old female rats were randomly divided into 2 groups. When aged 5 days， the precocious puberty group and normal group were given a single subcutaneous injection of danazol and solvent soybean oil respectively. The vaginal opening of rats was monitored from their 21 days of age. After 12 hours of fasting， all successful modeling rats were randomly executed within 3 days after vaginal opening， when aged 7 and 12 weeks. Then we measured the rats’ body weight and length， determined the concentrations of glucose， insulin， blood lipids， estradiol， leptin and adiponectin with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and observed the pathological changes of perirenal fat， uterus and ovary. ResultsFor body weight and length， rats in the precocious puberty group were smaller than those in the normal group within 3 days after vaginal opening， but which did not affect their subsequent growth and development， and there was no significant difference between the two groups at 7 and 12 weeks of age. Within 3 days after vaginal opening， insulin levels had significant difference between the two groups （P = 0.001）， the precocious group showed hyperinsulinemia and increased number of perirenal adipocytes. At three execution times， no significant difference was noted in estradiol， leptin and adiponectin levels between the two groups. The same was true in the ratios of ovary or uterus to body weight between the two groups. ConclusionsPrecocious puberty makes earlier onset of pubertal development and allows body maladaptation to the sudden changes of the internal environment. However， the changes due to precocious puberty are temporary and reversible， and they may become normal in adulthood.

Historical Evolution and Key Information Research on Pediatric Famous Classical Formula Yigongsan / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Yigongsan is derived from Xiaoer Yaozheng Zhijue written by QIAN Yi in the Northern Song dynasty， which is the No. 3 formula in the Catalogue of Ancient Famous Classical Formulas（The Second Batch of Pediatrics） released by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine（TCM） in September 2022， and it can be developed as a class 3.1 new TCM drug. By referring to ancient medical books and modern literature， this study conducted herbal textual research on Yigongsan from five aspects， including historical evolution， origin and processing， dosage conversion， usage and preparation methods， and functional application， then formed the key information table of this formula， in order to provide reference for the development of reference samples and preparations of Yigongsan. Based on the results of the study， it is recommended that Panax ginseng should be removed the basal part of stem（rhizoma）， Poria cocos should be removed the peel， Citrus reticulata should be cut into shreds and Glycyrrhiza uralensis should be used. According to 4.13 g/Qian（钱）， 1 g/slice for ginger， 3 g for each jujube and 300 mL/Zhan（盏）， the doses of Ginseng Radix， Poria， Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma， Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium， Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens， Jujubae Fructus were 1.652， 1.652， 1.652， 1.652， 1.652， 5， 6 g， and the total amount was 19.26 g. The decocting method was to crush the medicinal materials into fine powder with 50-80 mesh， add 300 mL of water and decoct to 210 mL for each dose， then remove the dregs and take it warmly. This formula was recorded in ancient books as the main treatment for the cold-deficiency of spleen and stomach， and Qi stagnation in children with vomiting and diarrhea and lack of appetite. It has been flexibly applied by later generations of physicians， and is often used to treat anorexia， inflammation of the digestive tract， diarrhea and other diseases in children.

The Effect of Shenqi Jianxin Formula （参芪健心方） on Cardiomyocyte Pyroptosis in Chronic Heart Failure Model Rats Based on the NLRP3/Caspase-1 Signaling Pathway / 中医杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the possible mechanism of Shenqi Jianxin Formula （参芪健心方） in the treatment of chronic heart failure （CHF） from the perspective of pyroptosis. MethodsFifty-two rats were randomly divided into sham operation group （n=8） and modeling group （n=44）. In the modeling group， the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery was ligated to construct CHF rat model. Forty successfully-modelled rats were randomly divided into model group， Entresto group， Shenqi Jianxin Formula group， MCC950 group and the combination group （Shenqi Jianxin Formula plus MCC950）， with 8 rats in each group. In Shenqi Jianxin Formula group， 7.4 g/（kg·d） of Shenqi Jianxin Formula was given by gavage， while in Entresto group， 68 mg/（kg·d） of Entresto suspension was given by gavage； in MCC950 group， MCC950 was injected intraperitoneally with 10 mg/kg once every other day， and in the combination group， 7.4 g/（kg·d） of Shenqi Jianxin Formula was given by gavage， and MCC950 was injected intraperitoneally with 10 mg/kg once every other day； 10 ml/（kg·d） of saline was given by gavage in the sham operation group and the model group. After 3 weeks of continuous intervention， serum brain B-type natriuretic peptide （BNP）， creatine kinase isoenzyme MB （CK-MB）， interleukin 1β （IL-1β）， and interleukin 18 （IL-18） levels were detected by ELISA； HE staining and MASSON staining were used to observe pathological changes in rat myocardium. Except for the Entresto group， western blot technique was used to detect the expression of NOD-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3）， caspase-1， and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein possessing a caspase-recruiting domain （ASC）； RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of NLRP3 and caspase-1 mRNA. ResultsCompared with the sham operation group， HE staining of rats in the model group showed obvious myocardial injury， while MASSON staining showed increased area of collagen fibrosis， and serum BNP， CK-MB， IL-1β， IL-18， myocardial tissue NLRP3， caspase-1， ASC protein expression and NLRP3， caspase-1 mRNA expression were all elevated （P＜0.05）. Compared with those in the model group， cardiomyocyte injury of rats and collagen fibrosis area were reduced， and serum BNP， CK-MB， IL-1β， and IL-18 contents were all reduced in Shenqi Jianxin Formula group， Entresto group， MCC950 group， and the combination group； except for Entresto group， myocardial tissue NLRP3， caspase-1， ASC protein expression and NLRP3， caspase-1 mRNA expression were reduced in the remaining three medication group （P＜0.05）. Compared with Shenqi Jianxin Formula group， the MCC950 group and the combination group showed decreased serum IL-1β and IL-18 content， collagen fibrosis area， myocardial tissue NLPR3， caspase-1 protein expression， and caspase-1 mRNA expression， and decreased ASC and NLRP3 mRNA expression was shown in the combination group （P＜0.05）. Compared with MCC950 group， collagen fibrosis area was reduced， and serum IL-18 content， NLRP3， caspase-1 mRNA expression were reduced in the combination group （P＜0.05）. ConclusionShenqi Jianxin Formula can effectively improve the myocardial injury and heart failure in rats with CHF， and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of cardiomyocyte pyroptosis through NLPR3/Caspase-1 pathway to reduce the level of intramyocardial inflammation. The combined use of MCC950 with Shenqi Jianxin Formula could more effectively inhibite myocardial pyroptosis， with better therapeutic result than single use of each part.

Decreased DNase1L3 secretion and associated antibodies induce impaired degradation of NETs in patients with sporadic SLE / 细胞与分子免疫学杂志

Objective To evaluate the correlation between alterations in DNase1 and DNase1L3 enzyme activities and impairment of NET degradation in patients with sporadic SLE, and to investigate the underlying mechanism. Methods 46 sporadic SLE patients and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals were recruited. Serum levels of DNase1, DNase1L3 and corresponding autoantibodies were detected by ELISA. DNase1 and DNase1L3 were isolated by immunoprecipitation; NETs and enzyme degradation activities were detected using a modified immunofluorescence. DNase1L3 secretion by PBMCs was analyzed by ELISPOT, Western blotting and reverse transcription PCR. Results Levels of H3-dsDNA and Ela-dsDNA complexes were significantly elevated in SLE patients. LDGs in SLE population was significantly higher than in the control group, and LDGs was positively correlated with H3-dsDNA and Ela-dsDNA NETs complexes. The ability of SLE patients to degrade NET in vitro was significantly lower than that of the control group. Degradation experiments of DNase1 and DNase1L3 in different proportions showed that the decrease in DNase1L3 activity was the primary contributor to the elevated NET residue level. The concentration of DNase1L3 autoantibodies in SLE patients was significantly elevated compared to the control group. In addition, the capacity of PBMCs to secrete DNase1L3 was significantly lower in the SLE patients compared to the control group. Conclusion Decreased secretion of DNase1L3 and the presence of relevant autoantibodies notably impede NET degradation in patients with SLE, offering new directions for the monitoring and treatment of SLE patients.

Progress of Basic and Clinical Research on Mucin-type O-Glycosylation and Colorectal Cancer / 胃肠病学

O⁃glycosylation is a common post⁃translational modification of mucins, widely present in both normal and tumor cells. In colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, there is a varying degree of dysregulation in O ⁃ glycosylation ⁃ related glycosyltransferases, molecular chaperones, and surface Tn antigen, sTn antigen, and T antigen. These dysregulations play a distinctive role in the occurrence and development of CRC, including invasion and metastasis, abnormal apoptosis and proliferation, immune escape, etc. They are extensively studied as novel tumor biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. This article provides a comprehensive review of progress of research on mucin⁃type O⁃glycosylation and its relevance to the occurrence and development of CRC and its clinical application.

TDZD-8 alleviates oxaliplatin induced neuropathic pain / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the effect of GSK-3β (glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta) inhibitor TDZD-8 on the neuropathic pain induced by side effects of chemotherapeutic drug oxaliplatin and the underlying mechanism. Methods The rat model of oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain was established by intraperitoneal injection of oxaliplatin for five consecutive days; the anti-nociception effect was detected by intrathecal injection of TDZD-8. The spontaneous flinches and mechanical pain threshold were used to detect the changes of pain behavior of rats; immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis were used to detect the changes of spinal inflammation and protein levels of rats. Results Intrathecally injection of TDZD-8 significantly alleviated oxaliplatin induced hyperalgesia in rats. TDZD-8 injection obviously inhibited the activation spinal microglia and the inflammatory reaction. TDZD-8 administration significantly inhibited GSK-3β activation. Conclusion TDZD-8 blocks GSK-3β activation, decreases NLRP3 (NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3) inflammasome mediated spinal inflammation and alleviates neuropathic pain.

Study on "Spectrum-material-effect" relationship of Compound Muji Granules against liver tumor based on microfluidic chip / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the material basis of anti-tumor effect of Compound Muji Granules. Methods The anti-tumor pharmacodynamics of Compound Muji Granules in vitro was studied by microfluidic chip technology. The fingerprint of Compound Muji Granules was established by HPLC. The "Spectrum-Material-Effect" of Compound Muji Granules was analyzed by grey correlation analysis,partial least squares regression analysis and network pharmacology approach. Results Seven batches of Compound Muji Granules with different extraction methods were successfully established. The results of grey correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between Compound Muji Granules and 7 of the 14 components with pharmacodynamic correlation coefficient >0.80. The contribution of anti liver tumor was peak number 48(luteolin)>6(gallic acid)>19(chlorogenic acid)>59(quercetin)>67(kaempferol)>65(naringin)>38(ellagic acid),in that order. Conclusions Through the establishment of "Spectrum-Material-Effect" research method,it is clear that the above seven active monomers may be the anti-tumor material basis of Compound Muji Granules.

Fibrocartilaginous lipoma: a clinicopathological analysis of six cases / 中华病理学杂志

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics, immunophenotype, molecular genetics and differential diagnoses of fibrocartilaginous lipomas which consist of adipose tissue, fibrocartilage and fibrous elements. Methods: The clinicopathological features, immunohistochemical profiles and molecular profiles in six cases of fibrocartilaginous lipomas diagnosed at Foshan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University and the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from January 2017 to February 2022 were included. The follow-up information, diagnosis and differential diagnoses were evaluated. Results: There were three males and three females with a median age of 53 years (range 36-69 years) at presentation. Tumors were located in the extremities, the head and neck region and trunk; and presented as painless masses that were located in the subcutaneous tissue or deep soft tissue. Grossly, three cases were well defined with thin capsule, one case was well circumscribed without capsule, two cases were surrounded by some skeletal muscle. The tumors were composed of fatty tissue with intermingled gray-white area. The tumors ranged from 1.50-5.50 cm (mean 2.92 cm). Microscopically, the hallmark of these lesions was the complex admixture of mature adipocytes, fibrocartilage and fibrous element in varying proportions; the fibrocartilage arranged in a nodular, sheet pattern with some adipocytes inside. Tumor cells had a bland appearance without mitotic activity. Immunohistochemical analysis using antibodies to SMA, desmin, S-100, SOX9, HMGA2, RB1, CD34, adipopholin was performed in six cases; the fibrocartilage was positive for S-100 and SOX9, adipocytes were positive for S-100, adipopholin and HMGA2; CD34 was expressed in the fibroblastic cells, while desmin and SMA were negative. Loss of nuclear RB1 expression was not observed. Other genetic abnormalities had not been found yet in four cases. Follow-up information was available in six cases; there was no recurrence in five, and one patient only underwent biopsy of the mass. Conclusions: Fibrocartilaginous lipoma is a benign lipomatous tumor with mature adipocytes, fibrocartilage and fibrous elements. By immunohistochemistry, they show the expression of fat and cartilage markers. No specific molecular genetics changes have been identified so far. Familiarity with its clinicopathological features helps the distinction from its morphologic mimics.

Investigation on the current situation of the development of intensive care units in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2022 / 中华危重病急救医学

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the development present situation of the department of critical care medicine in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (hereinafter referred to as Inner Mongolia), in order to promote the standardized and homogeneous development of critical care medicine in Inner Mongolia, and also provide a reference for discipline construction and resource allocation.@*METHODS@#A survey study was conducted in comprehensive intensive care unit (ICU) of tertiary and secondary hospitals in Inner Mongolia by online questionnaire survey and telephone data verification. The questionnaire was based on the Guidelines for the Construction and Management of Intensive Care Units (Trial) (hereinafter referred to as the Guidelines) issued by the National Health Commission in 2009 and the development trend of the discipline. The questionnaire covered six aspects, including hospital basic information, ICU basic information, personnel allocation, medical quality management, technical skill and equipment configuration. The questionnaire was distributed in September 2022, and it was filled out by the discipline leaders or department heads of each hospital.@*RESULTS@#As of October 24, 2022, a total of 101 questionnaires had been distributed, 85 questionnaires had been recovered, and the questionnaire recovery rate had reached 84.16%, of which 71 valid questionnaires had been collected in a total of 71 comprehensive ICU. (1) There were noticeable regional differences in the distribution of comprehensive ICU in Inner Mongolia, with a relatively weak distribution in the east and west, and the overall distribution was uneven. The development of critical care medicine in Inner Mongolia was still lacking. (2) Basic information of hospitals: the population and economy restricted the development of ICU. The average number of comprehensive ICU beds in the western region was only half of that in the central region (beds: 39.0 vs. 86.0), and the average number of ICU beds in the eastern region was in the middle (83.6 beds), which was relatively uneven. (3) Basic information of ICU: among the 71 comprehensive ICU surveyed, there were 44 tertiary hospitals and 27 secondary hospitals. The ratio of ICU beds to total beds in tertiary hospitals was significantly lower than that in secondary hospitals [(1.59±0.81)% vs. (2.11±1.07)%, P < 0.05], which were significantly lower than the requirements of the Guidelines of 2%-8%. The utilization rate of ICU in tertiary and secondary hospitals [(63.63±22.40)% and (44.65±20.66)%, P < 0.01] were both lower than the bed utilization rate required by the Guidelines (75% should be appropriate). (4) Staffing of ICU: there were 376 doctors and 1 117 nurses in tertiary hospitals, while secondary hospitals had 122 doctors and 331 nurses. There were significant differences in the composition ratio of the titles of doctors, the degree of doctors, and the titles of nurses between tertiary and secondary hospitals (all P < 0.05). Most of the doctors in tertiary hospitals had intermediate titles (attending physicians accounted for 41.49%), while most of the doctors in secondary hospitals had junior titles (resident physicians accounted for 43.44%). The education level of doctors in tertiary hospitals was generally higher than that in secondary hospitals (doctors: 2.13% vs. 0, masters: 37.24% vs. 8.20%). The proportion of nurses in tertiary hospitals was significantly lower than that in secondary hospitals (17.01% vs. 24.47%). The ratio of ICU doctors/ICU beds [(0.64±0.27)%, (0.59±0.34)%] and ICU nurses/ICU beds [(1.76±0.56)%, (1.51±0.48)%] in tertiary and secondary hospitals all failed to meet the requirements above 0.8 : 1 and 3 : 1 of the Guidelines. (5) Medical quality management of ICU: compared with secondary hospitals, the proportion of one-to-one drug-resistant bacteria care in tertiary hospitals (65.91% vs. 40.74%), multimodal analgesia and sedation (90.91% vs. 66.67%), and personal digital assistant (PDA) barcode scanning (43.18% vs. 14.81%) were significantly higher (all P < 0.05). (6) Technical skills of ICU: in terms of technical skills, the proportion of bronchoscopy, blood purification, jejunal nutrition tube placement and bedside ultrasound projects carried out in tertiary hospitals were higher than those in secondary hospitals (84.09% vs. 48.15%, 88.64% vs. 48.15%, 61.36% vs. 55.56%, 88.64% vs. 70.37%, all P < 0.05). Among them, the placement of jejunal nutrition tube, bedside ultrasound and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation were mainly completed independently in tertiary hospitals, while those in secondary hospitals tended to be completed in cooperation. (7) Equipment configuration of ICU: in terms of basic equipment, the ratio of the total number of ventilators/ICU beds in tertiary and secondary hospitals [0.77% (0.53%, 1.07%), 0.88% (0.63%, 1.38%)], and the ratio of injection pump/ICU beds [1.70% (1.00%, 2.56%), 1.25% (0.75%, 1.88%)] didn't meet the requirements of the Guidelines. The equipment ratio was insuffcient, which means that the basic needs of development had not been met yet.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The development of comprehensive ICU in Inner Mongolia has tended to mature, but there is still a certain gap in the development scale, personnel ratio and instruments and equipment compared with the Guidelines. Moreover, the comprehensive ICU appears the characteristics of relatively weak eastern and western regions, and the overall distribution is uneven. Therefore, it is necessary to increase efforts to invest in the construction of the department of critical care medicine.

Development and validation of a risk-prediction model for immune-related adverse events in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer receiving PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide and is the most common cancer in males. Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) that target programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) or programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) have achieved impressive efficacy in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (Pardoll, 2012; Champiat et al., 2016; Gao et al., 2022). Although ICIs are usually well tolerated, they are often accompanied by immune-related adverse events (irAEs) (Doroshow et al., 2019). Non-specific activation of the immune system produces off-target immune and inflammatory responses that can affect virtually any organ or system (O'Kane et al., 2017; Puzanov et al., 2017). Compared with adverse events caused by chemotherapy, irAEs are often characterized by delayed onset and prolonged duration and can occur in any organ at any stage of treatment, including after cessation of treatment (Puzanov et al., 2017; von Itzstein et al., 2020). They range from rash, pneumonitis, hypothyroidism, enterocolitis, and autoimmune hepatitis to cardiovascular, hematological, renal, neurological, and ophthalmic irAEs (Nishino et al., 2016; Kumar et al., 2017; Song et al., 2020). Hence, we conducted a retrospective study to identify validated factors that could predict the magnitude of the risk of irAEs in patients receiving PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors; our approach was to analyze the correlation between the clinical characteristics of patients at the start of treatment and relevant indicators such as hematological indices and the risk of developing irAEs. Then, we developed an economical, practical, rapid, and simple model to assess the risk of irAEs in patients receiving ICI treatment, as early as possible.

Current research in liver transplantation during the Covid-19 pandemic / 中华外科杂志

The coronavirus disease (Covid-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has drastically changed our daily life and clinical practice.Due to the reduction of liver transplantation and the liver injury caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection during the pandemic,the prognosis of waitinglisted liver transplant candidates is worse.Due to the long-term immunosuppressive therapy of liver recipients,their risk of infection is higher than the general population.Although some studies suggested that immunosuppressive therapy seems to have a protective effect in infected patients,it also leads to chronic infection.Due to the concerns about the risk of virus transmission,expert consensus does not recommend the utilization of donor livers with the history of Covid-19.Currently,published articles do not support the argument that virus can be transmitted to recipients through donor livers.Therefore,the feasibility of liver transplantation utilizing donor livers with SARS-CoV-2 infection remains controversial.In this article,current advances in liver transplantation during the Covid-19 pandemic are reviewed to provide a new perspective for liver transplantation in the future.

Stereoscopic reconstruction in adults with intermittent exotropia after surgery / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the status of stereoscopic reconstruction in adults with intermittent exotropia after surgery, and analyze related influencing factors.METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted among 196 adults with intermittent exotropia who were admitted to our hospital from January 2019 to January 2021. All patients underwent strabismus surgery, and their preoperative and postoperative data were collected.RESULTS: Near and distal stereo visual function was not found in all the included 196 patients before surgery. The reconstruction rates of near stereo visual function and distal stereo visual function were 52.6%(103/196)and 50.5%(99/196), respectively. There were significant differences in surgical age, age of onset, course of disease, and postoperative level of horizontal strabismus between patients with near stereoscopic reconstruction(103 cases)and those without reconstruction(93 cases; P<0.001). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age of onset, course of disease, and postoperative level of horizontal strabismus were factors influencing near stereo visual function reconstruction(P<0.05). The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve showed that the area under the curve(AUC)values of age of onset, course of disease and postoperative level of horizontal strabismus to predict near stereo visual function reconstruction were 0.757, 0.737 and 0.727, respectively(P<0.001). There were significant differences in surgical age, age of onset, course of disease, and postoperative level of horizontal strabismus between patients with distal stereoscopic reconstruction(99 cases)and those without reconstruction(97 cases; P<0.001). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age of onset and course of disease were factors influencing distal stereo visual function reconstruction(P<0.05). ROC curve showed that the AUC values of age of onset and course of disease to predict distal stereo visual function reconstruction were 0.672 and 0.821, respectively(P<0.001).CONCLUSION: Stereoscopic reconstruction in adults with intermittent exotropia after surgery is affected by many factors, such as age of onset and course of disease. The influencing factors of near stereo visual function reconstruction and distal stereo visual function reconstruction are different, which deserves attention.

The Psychosomatic Traits of "People with the Five Elements in Traditional Chinese Medicine": A Qualitative Study / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#To identify the representative attributes of the five elements of a person with a qualitative methodology and provide the basis for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of "people with the five elements in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)."@*METHODS@#Data collected from the literature review, two sessions of brainstorming of experts with related experience in "people with the five elements in TCM" from October 2020 to December 2020, and six rounds of in-depth interviews with 30 participants who had various attributes of the five elements from March 2021 to October 2021 were analyzed. Triangulation was used in this study, and theming and synthesizing were used to analyze the data.@*RESULTS@#A total of 31 experts and 30 interviewees participated in this study. The median age of the experts and interviewees were 48.0 and 38.5 years, respectively; 51.66% and 54.8% of experts and interviewees, respectively, were men. The descriptors of facial diagrams of "people with the five elements in TCM" were complexion, shape, distribution state of facial bones, convergence trend of facial muscles, and facial expression. A theoretical model of "people with the five elements in TCM" was shaped based on these findings.@*CONCLUSION@#The study suggests a possibility for bridging the gap between personality and bodily state, identifying an avenue for personality research from the perspective of TCM.

Establishment and Modification of Ninety-seven Pneumococcal Serotyping Assays Based on Quantitative Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#To establish and modify quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)-based serotyping assays to distinguish 97 pneumococcal serotypes.@*METHODS@#A database of capsular polysaccharide ( cps) loci sequences was generated, covering 97 pneumococcal serotypes. Bioinformatics analyses were performed to identify the cps loci structure and target genes related to different pneumococcal serotypes with specific SNPs. A total of 27 novel qPCR serotyping assay primers and probes were established based on qPCR, while 27 recombinant plasmids containing serotype-specific DNA sequence fragments were constructed as reference target sequences to examine the specificity and sensitivity of the qPCR assay. A panel of pneumococcal reference strains was employed to evaluate the capability of pneumococcal serotyping.@*RESULTS@#A total of 97 pneumococcal serotyping assays based on qPCR were established and modified, which included 64 serotypes previously reported as well as an additional 33 serotypes. Twenty-seven novel qPCR serotyping target sequences were implemented in the pneumococcal qPCR serotyping system. A total of 97 pneumococcal serotypes, which included 52 individual serotypes and 45 serotypes belonging to 20 serogroups, could not be identified as individual serotypes. The sensitivity of qPCR assays based on 27 target sequences was 1-100 copies/µL. The specificity of the qPCR assays was 100%, which were tested by a panel of 90 serotypes of the pneumococcal reference strains.@*CONCLUSION@#A total of 27 novel qPCR assays were established and modified to analyze 97 pneumococcal serotypes.

A Campylobacteriosis Outbreak Caused by One Asymptomatic Food Handler Carrier / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

In August 2021, three students with diarrhea from the same school visited a local hospital in the S district of Beijing. An epidemic investigation showed that there were more students with diarrhea in the same school and they had one meal together. Campylobacter jejuni was isolated from both patients with diarrhea and asymptomatic food handlers; however, the latter also carried Campylobacter coli. Phylogenomic analysis showed that there was a campylobacteriosis outbreak among the students, and the asymptomatic food handler may have been the source of the infection. Routine inspection and surveillance for Campylobacter is needed for the food producing staff, particularly those cooking in the cafeteria in schools or other public food services.

Incidence rate and protection strategy of sexual dysfunction after minimally invasive surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia / 现代泌尿外科杂志

In recent years, minimally invasive surgery has been rapidly developed and has become the first choice for the treatment of moderate to severe benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Although it can significantly improve the lower urinary tract symptoms, reduce complications, and enhance security, postoperative sexual dysfunction(SD) is still common, which affects the patients’ quality of life. In this paper, we discuss the incidence rate of SD after BPH surgery, the protection strategy of sexual function, and how to choose reasonable treatment from the perspective of sexual function protection.

Analysis of subtypes and risk characteristics of depression and anxiety among primary and secondary school students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand different types of depression and anxiety among primary and secondary school students, as well as their influencing factors, so as to provide a basis for the development of future intervention programs for adolescent mental health.@*Methods@#From December 2022 to February 2023, a self administered questionnaire survey was administered among grades 4 to 6 students and junior school, senior school students in Yixing City using Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Family Environment Scale (FES), and modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (mYFAS 2.0), Ottawa Self injury Inventory (OSI). A total of 4 180 students were included in the analysis. Different types of depression and anxiety in students and their influencing factors were analyzed by the Chi squaretest and multivariate Logistic regression.@*Results@#The overall prevalence of depression and anxiety among primary and secondary school students were 16.6% and 22.4%, respectively, with 14.0% of depression and anxiety comorbidities. The Logistic regression results showed that, compared to students with low depression-low anxiety, students of depression and anxiety who had parents in conflicts ( OR =3.06), smoked ( OR =3.16), exhibited moderate food addiction ( OR =3.56), and had non suicidal self injury (NSSI) ( OR =2.26) were more likely to be classified as a depression predominant-depression anxiety type. Students of depression and anxiety who consumed alcohol ( OR =2.00), had serious food addiction ( OR =5.44), moderate to severe insomnia ( OR =3.25), and mild insomnia ( OR =1.88) were more likely to be classified as anxiety predominant-depression anxiety type. Students of depression and anxiety with low mood ( OR =10.87), mild food addiction ( OR =2.00), moderate food addiction ( OR =4.32), and severe food addiction ( OR =7.35), mild ( OR =2.96) or moderate to severe ( OR =16.52) insomnia, and NSSI ( OR =4.24) were more likely to be classified as the severe depression anxiety type( P < 0.05 ).@*Conclusions@#There are significant differences between different depression-anxiety types among primary and secondary school students with respect to food addiction, insomnia, NSSI, smoking, and alcohol use. Relevant departments should engage with schools and families to adopt targeted interventions for students to reduce the occurrence of mental health problems.

Association between negative emotion, family intimacy and Internet addiction among junior and senior school students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the association between negative emotion (depression, anxiety and stress), family intimacy and Internet addiction, so as to provide a basis for the intervention of Internet addiction among junior and senior high school students.@*Methods@#Students were selected by stratified random cluster sampling method from junior high schools and senior high schools from December 2022 to February 2023 in Yixing City, Jiangsu Provicne. A total of 3 026 students completed the questionnaire survey, including the demographic characteristics, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), Family Environment Scale-Chinese Version (FES-CV), and Chinese Internet Addiction Scale Revised (CIAS-R). Bivariate correlation was used to analyzed the association of family intimacy, depression, anxiety, stress, and Internet addiction. Mediating effect model was used to analyzed the mediating effect of negative emotion between family intimacy and Internet addiction.@*Results@#The average score of Internet addiction among junior and senior high school students was (46.26±15.58), and there were statistical differences in the average scores of Internet addiction across different grades ( F=87.15, P <0.01). Depression ( r =0.57), anxiety ( r =0.56), stress ( r = 0.57) were positively correlated with Internet addiction, and family intimacy ( r =-0.34) was negatively correlated with Internet diction ( P <0.01). In the mediating effect model, family intimacy negatively predicted negative emotion ( β =-0.48) and Internet addiction ( β =-0.10), and negative emotion positively predicted Internet addiction ( β =0.45) ( P <0.01). Negative emotion played a partial mediating role between family intimacy and Internet addiction (the mediation value:-1.71, 95% CI =-1.96--1.49, mediation ratio:67.9%, P <0.05).@*Conclusions@#There are associations between negative emotion, family intimacy and Internet addiction among junior and senior school students. Family intimacy indirectly affects Internet addiction mainly through negative emotion. It suggests that family education is in need of attention to reduce the prevalence rate of Internet addiction among junior and senior high school students, especially family intimacy.

Association of anxiety, insomnia, and family cohesion with Internet addiction and non suicidal self injury behavior in junior and senior school students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the mediating effect of anxiety, insomnia, and family cohesion between Internet addiction and non suicidal self injury (NSSI) behavior among junior and senior school students, so as to develop interventions to promote adolescent mental health.@*Methods@#A total of 3 026 junior and senior school students from Yixing, Jiangsu Province, China, were selected by stratified cluster sampling from December 2022 to February 2023, and were administered the Ottawa Self injury Inventory (OSI), Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), Family Environment Scale-Chinese Version (FES-CV), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and Chinese Internet Addiction Scale Revised (CIAS-R). A mediating effect model was constructed to analyze the mediating effect of anxiety, insomnia, and family cohesion on Internet addiction and NSSI.@*Results@#Internet addiction ( r = 0.24), insomnia ( r =0.28), and anxiety ( r =0.27) were positively correlated with NSSI, while the latter was negatively correlated with family cohesion ( r =-0.23) ( P <0.01). The mediating effect model was well fitted ( CFI=0.999, TLI=0.978, RMSEA = 0.030 ). Anxiety (mediation effect value:0.12, 95% CI =0.08-0.18) and family cohesion (mediation effect value:0.08, 95% CI = 0.03 -0.13) had a separate mediating effect. A chain meditating effect was found in the case of anxiety and insomnia (mediation effect value:0.14, 95% CI =0.10-0.20), family cohesion and anxiety (mediation effect value:0.05, 95% CI =0.03-0.07), family cohesion and insomnia (mediation effect value:0.05, 95% CI =0.03-0.07), and family cohesion, anxiety, and insomnia (mediation effect value:0.06, 95% CI =0.04-0.08). The mediating effect accounted for 14.9%, 10.1%, 17.5%, 6.0%, 5.6%, and 7.1%, respectively.@*Conclusions@#Anxiety, insomnia, and family cohesion partially mediate Internet addiction and NSSI. Schools and families should pay attention to Internet addiction among junior and senior school students and develop appropriate interventions to promote adolescent mental health, so as to reduce the prevalence of NSSI.

Identification of Chinese Herb Pieces Based on YOLOv4 / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Chinese herbal piece is an important component of the traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） system， and identifying their quality and grading can promote the development and utilization of Chinese herbal pieces. Utilizing deep learning for intelligent identification of Chinese herbal pieces can save time， effort， and cost， while also reasonably avoiding the constraints of human subjectivity， providing a guarantee for efficient identification of Chinese herbal pieces. In this study， a dataset containing 108 kinds of Chinese herbal pieces （14 058 images） was constructed，the basic YOLOv4 algorithm was employed to identify the 108 kinds of Chinese herbal pieces of our database The mean average precision （mAP） of the developed basic YOLOv4 model reached 85.3%. In addition， the receptive field block was introduced into the neck network of YOLOv4 algorithm， and the improved YOLOv4 algorithm was used to identify Chinese herbal pieces. The mAPof the improved YOLOv4 model achieved 88.7%， the average precision of 80 kinds of decoction pieces exceeded 80%， the average precision of 48 kinds of decoction pieces exceeded 90%. These results indicate that adding the receptive field module can help to some extent in the identification of Chinese herbal medicine pieces with different sizes and small volumes. Finally， the average precision of each kind of Chinese herbal medicine piece by the improved YOLOv4 model was further analyzed. Through in-depth analysis of the original images of Chinese herbal medicine pieces with low prediction average precision， it was clarified that the quantity and quality of original images of Chinese herbal medicine pieces are key to performing intelligent object detection. The improved YOLOv4 model constructed in this study can be used for the rapid identification of Chinese herbal pieces， and also provide reference guidance for the manual authentication of Chinese herbal medicine decoction pieces.