Genetic diversity of Sparganum isolates from snakes in Hunan Province based on mitochondrial nad4 and nad5 genes / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship of Sparganum isolates from snakes in Hunan Province. Methods The partial mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 (pnad4) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (pnad5) genes were amplified using a PCR assay in 7 Sparganum isolates from snakes in Hunan Province and the amplification product was sequenced. The homology and genetic evolution were investigated using the software DNAMAN 7.0, MegAlign, DnaSP 5.0 and MEGA 5.0. Results The pnad4 and pnad5 gene sequences were approximately 578 bp and 484 bp in length in the 7 Sparganum isolates from Hunan Province, and the percentages of genetic variations were 0 to 2.8% and 0 to 0.8%, respectively. There were 4 haplotypes detected in both the pnad4 and pnad5 genes, with global haplotype diversities of 0.810 ± 0.016 and 0.905 ± 0.011, nucleotide diversities of 0.006 ± 0.005 and 0.004 ± 0.003, and mean nucleotide variations of 3.960 and 1.905, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all 7 Sparganum isolates from snakes in Hunan Province were clustered into the same branch with Spirometra erinaceieuropaei isolates from different regions/hosts in the world, which belonged to S. erinaceieuropaei, which were close to Diphyllobothrium latum and far from other tapeworms. Conclusion There is a low genetic variation in snake-derived S. erinaceieuropaei isolates from Hunan Province, and both pnad4 and pnad5 genes may be potential molecular genetic markers for identification of S. erinaceieuropaei.

Analysis of Incentive of Hospital Human Resources Based on Talent Tree and Two-Factor Theory / 中国医院管理

Lean management is the direction of future hospital management.From the perspective of hospital human resources management,in order to explore the scientific,reasonable,classified and efficient incentive mechanisms in practice,the study divides the hospital talents into three levels,base of tree talents,trunk of tree talents and crown of tree talents based on "talent tree" project,and clarifies different characteristics of the three levels of talents,and combines with two-factor theory to make targeted and differentiated management incentive strategies to maximize the motivation of personnel at all levels and to improve the overall efficiency of hospital operation.

Chemical modifications of nucleobases in functional nucleic acids / 国际药学研究杂志

The diversity of functional nucleic acids is being explored from nature and in vitro selections, including ribozyme catalysis, aptamer binding to target molecules with high specific and affinity, and RNA interference and modulation of gene expression. The great potential of chemical and biological activity of four nucleobases and the sugar-phosphate backbone in various specific tertiary structures is beyond our present imagination, and more functions remain to be found. Therefore, developing insight into the structural basis of these functional nucleic acids is invaluable in understanding their mechanisms and exploring the applications. With a special focus on the four nucleobases, we learnt that nucleobases could contribute to the functions by base stacking, electrostatic interactions, complexion with metal ions, hydrogen bonding, and even act as general acid-base in specific functions. Deletion and substitution of each nucleobases demonstrated the conservation of all the natural and unnatural functional nucleic acids. But from the success of chemical modifications at the level of functional groups on 10-23 DNAzyme, there is still room for the optimization of functional nucleic acids, for practical applications as research tools and genetic therapeutics. It is a big challenge for any functional nucleic acids, to conduct the chemical modification in a right way in the complex tertiary structures, including which residue could be used for chemical modification and which functional groups could be introduced for an expected positive effect.

IGF2 expression in blood is not associated with its imprinting status in healthy pregnant Chinese women

Loss of Imprinting (LOI) of IGF2 and over-expressed IGF2 are associated with tumorigenesis. Our previous epidemiological study found a relatively high frequency of IGF2 LOI in healthy mid-gestation pregnant women. The aim of this study is to determine whether the expression of IGF2 is associated with its imprinting status in healthy Chinese pregnant women. The IGF2 imprinting status of 300 pregnant women was analyzed. 20 cases of IGF2 LOI and 20 cases of IGF2 retention of imprinting (ROI) were selected randomly for IGF2 expression analysis. The expression pattern of IGF2 between the group with IGF2 ROI and group with IGF2 LOI in healthy Chinese pregnant women was evaluated by real time PCR and western blot. The result showed no significant differences between IGF2 ROI and LOI groups in mRNA and protein levels. These results imply that IGF2 imprinting status has no obvious impact on its expression. There may be some unknown important factors other than imprinting status driving IGF2 expression.

Distribution of anaerobes in periodontal abscess and its resistance to antibiotics / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To isolate and culture the predominant anaerobes from the periodontal abscesses, and to test the antibiotic susceptibility and drug resistant genes of the strains.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The isolated strains were identified by both API20A biochemical method and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by agar dilution method. The resistant genes of the drug-resistant strains obtained were screened by PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The anaerobes were detected in 48% (28/58) of the samples and Prevotella melaninogenica (Pm) was mostly identified in 43% (12/28). API20A biochemical method had 82% (23/28) agreement with the 16SrRNA method in identification rate. Anaerobes were resistant to metronidazole, clindamycin and cefmetazole. The erythromycin-resistant methylase genes F (ermF) gene was detected in three of eight clindamycin resistant strains. None of them was found coded on bacterial plasmids. However, no metronidazole resistant gene was detected on drug resistant strains.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Pm was the predominant species dectected in the periodontal abscess of the patients. The antibiotic agents should be used based on the genotypes and general condition of the patients.</p>

Effects of smoking on sperm apoptosis and semen quality of adult males in the main urban area of Chongqing / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of smoking on sperm apoptosis and semen quality of healthy adult males in the main urban area of Chongqing.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>According to the smoking habit, we divided 235 healthy adult males into a non-smoking group (n = 89) and a smoking group (n = 146). Then we detected the routine semen parameters by the computer-assisted semen analysis system and obtained the parameters of sperm apoptosis (the ratios of AN-/PI-, AN+/PI-, AN+/PI+ and AN-/PI+ sperm) by flow cytometry combined with Annexin V-FITC/PI fluorescence staining.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The rate of early apoptotic sperm (AN+/PI-) was higher in the smoking than in the non-smoking group ([8.1 +/- 5.1]% vs [6.8 +/- 3.8]%; P = 0.039), but there were no significant differences between the two groups in the rate of late apoptotic sperm (AN+/PI+) ([5.6 +/- 5.2]% vs [5.5 +/- 5.1]%; P = 0.87), as well as in such routine semen indexes as semen volume, sperm density, sperm motility, sperm vitality and normal sperm morphology (P = 0.30, 0.82, 0.37, 0.81 and 0.84, respectively).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The rate of early apoptotic sperm is higher in smokers than in non-smokers, suggesting that smoking may induce early damage to sperm cells. Compared with routine semen parameters, sperm apoptosis is a more sensitive biomarker to reflect smoking-induced damage to sperm.</p>

Assay of the expression and self-activition function of full length and different fragments of mayven gene in yeast two-hybrid system / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To identify the mayven-interacting proteins and study the effect of mayven on multiple sclerosis pathogenesis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The full length and four different fragments of mayven gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with specific primers and were cloned into the yeast expression vector pDBLeu. Then, the recombinant plasmids were transformed into MAV203 yeast strain. The autonomous activation of their expression products was detected.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The yeast expression vectors of mayven, which include a full-length and four different fragments, were constructed successfully. Full length P1, fragments P3 and P4 have no effect on the expression of HIS3 and LacZ gene, but fragments P7 and P8 do. The C-terminal of Mayven gene may contain a transcription activation domain.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Full length P1, fragments P3 and P4 of the mayven gene can be used to screen the mayven-interacting proteins, but whether Mayven has transcriptional activation activity need to be studied.</p>