ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This study investigated the role of extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD), which is a major extracellular antioxidant enzyme in skeletal muscle ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The pedicled cremaster muscle flaps from homozygous EC-SOD knockout (EC-SOD-/-), heterozygous CuZn-SOD knockout (CuZn-SOD+/-) and wild-type (WT) mice were subjected to 4.5 hour ischemia followed by 90 min reperfusion. The pedicled cremaster muscle flaps were examined by functional analysis during the reperfusion. The mRNA and protein expressions of each SOD after I/R were evaluated using quantitative real-time PCR and western blot. RESULTS: The results showed that the EC-SOD-/- mice had a more profound I/R injury than the CuZn- SOD+/- or WT mice. In particular, there was a delayed and incomplete recovery of the arterial diameter and blood flow during reperfusion and as well as there being more severe inflammation. After 90 min reperfusion, the EC-SOD mRNA levels increased more in the CuZn-SOD+/- mice than in the WT mice. However, the CuZn-SOD and Mn-SOD mRNA levels decreased similarly in all 3 groups. The CuZn-SOD protein levels decreased in all groups. The EC-SOD protein levels decreased in the CuZn-SOD+/- and WT mice, but the Mn-SOD protein levels were unchanged or slightly increased in all groups. The histological results showed diffuse edema and inflammatory cell infiltration around the muscle fibers and these changes were more severe in the EC-SOD-/- mice. CONCLUSION: EC-SOD plays an important role in protecting the skeletal muscle from I/R injury caused by the excessive generation of reactive oxygen species.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Blotting, Western , Edema , Inflammation , Ischemia , Muscle, Skeletal , Reactive Oxygen Species , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Reperfusion , Reperfusion Injury , RNA, Messenger , Superoxide Dismutase , SuperoxidesABSTRACT
Acute leukemia is one of the most common malignant neoplasms of female. Fortunately, the incidence of leukemia during pregnancy has been estimated at only 1 per 100,000 pregnancies. Since the management of acute leukemia in pregnancy consists of the challenge of optimizing chances for prolonged remission and cure in the mother while minimizing the toxicity to the unborn fetus, so there are many therapeutic and ethical dilemmas. Causing thrombocytopenia and anemia, neutropenia, leukemia can be an obstacle to the adequate obstetric management. The management of this subset of pregnant patients requires a team approach including patient, family, obstetrician and hematologist-oncologist. We experienced a case of the pregnancy with acute myelogenous leukemia at 32 gestational weeks. With induction of labor, she was delivered of a 2,250 g, healthy male baby at 34 gestational weeks. After delivery of infant, she underwent combination chemotherapy. We present this case with review of related literatures.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Pregnancy , Anemia , Drug Therapy, Combination , Fetus , Incidence , Leukemia , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute , Mothers , Neutropenia , ThrombocytopeniaABSTRACT
Acute leukemia is one of the most common malignant neoplasms of female. Fortunately, the incidence of leukemia during pregnancy has been estimated at only 1 per 100,000 pregnancies. Since the management of acute leukemia in pregnancy consists of the challenge of optimizing chances for prolonged remission and cure in the mother while minimizing the toxicity to the unborn fetus, so there are many therapeutic and ethical dilemmas. Causing thrombocytopenia and anemia, neutropenia, leukemia can be an obstacle to the adequate obstetric management. The management of this subset of pregnant patients requires a team approach including patient, family, obstetrician and hematologist-oncologist. We experienced a case of the pregnancy with acute myelogenous leukemia at 32 gestational weeks. With induction of labor, she was delivered of a 2,250 g, healthy male baby at 34 gestational weeks. After delivery of infant, she underwent combination chemotherapy. We present this case with review of related literatures.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Pregnancy , Anemia , Drug Therapy, Combination , Fetus , Incidence , Leukemia , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute , Mothers , Neutropenia , ThrombocytopeniaABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the relative micromotions between the straight and the curved stems during the immediate postoperative stage of noncemented total hip replacement which load simulating the single leg stance and stair climbing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors developed 3-dimensional numerical finite element models implanted with the straight stem, which was composed of a total of 1,170 elements of 8 nodes, and which had a curved stem composed of a total of 885 elements of 8 nodes, and then analyzed the relative micromotions of the straight and curved stems. RESULTS: In the single leg stance, the curved stem was more stable especially in terms of its rotational stability. Rotational displacement accounted for over 90% of the total micromotion in both types of stem and this was highest for the proximal medial portion of the stem, but markedly less distally. Stair climbing produced more micromotion than the single leg stance regardless of the stem configuration. CONCLUSION: It is recommended that surgeons do not allow patient weight bearing until bony ingrowth has been achieved. In the future more attention should be placed upon increasing the initial rotational stability of the two types of femoral stem to prevent loosening by excessive micromotion.
Subject(s)
Humans , Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip , Leg , Weight-BearingABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To update and reevaluate the scoliosis prevalence in middle school students in Korea, and correlate those data with past references and other countries general prevalence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Among the middle schools in Seoul city, forty-five middle schools were randomly selected for screening. Total number of students were 46,428 who were screened for the prevalence of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. There were 24,892 boys and 21,536 girls. Their age ranged from 12 to 15 years. Adams forward bending test and "Scoliometer" (Orthopaedic Systems, Inc, USA) were used to detect and measure the degree of rotation of trunk. Students more than 5 (ATR were assessed subsequently by standardized clinical and radiological examinations. RESULTS: Using 10 degrees as cut-off points, 465 students were found to have structural idiopathic scoliosis, representing a prevalence of 0.9% overall. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of the scoliosis has not changed from previously estimated rates in Korea, which was about 20 years ago. It nearly approximates with the prevalence of the world wide reported. We also confirmed that it is not necessary to issue a mass screening, considering the cost and effectiveness aspect, due to its low prevalence.