ABSTRACT
Medical immunology is an important course in medical university. The introduction is not only the beginning but also the epitome of the course. The content of the introduction is rich, but the schedule is limited. How to make a good introduction? According to the author′s teaching experience,pay attention to the acceptance or rejection of the teaching content,Application of com-prehensive teaching methods such as elicitation,analogies,interdisciplinary and multimedia means. cultivate students′ dialectical mode of thinking,stimulate students′enthusiasm and strong desire for knowledge. In this way,the students can master the basic frame of im-munology theory faster and better. And it will set up a good beginning and lay a solid foundation for the next step.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To detect IL-35 in mononuclear cells of peripheral blood and lung tissue with BCG infected mouse,and to analyze its effect on the tuberculosis immune mechanism and pathology.Methods: Mycobacterium tuberculosis infecting animal model was made by BCG injection in wild type C57BL/6 mouse.Then,mice were sacrificed in different time points.The peripheral blood and lung tissue were isolated.The bacterial load and histopathological analysis in lung tissue were performed,and the expression of IL-35 subunits P35 and EBI3 in monocytes were detected by flow cytometry.Furthermore,the correlation of IL-35-expressing monocytes with the load of bacterium was analyzed.Results:The expression of P35 and EBI3 in monocytes in peripheral blood and lung tissue of BCG-infected mice was significantly higher than that of the control group,and the peripheral blood of the experimental group was significantly increased at 4 weeks after infection.The expression of EBI3 in lung tissue diaplayed significant rising trend.The correlation analysis showed that the P35 expression was positively correlated with the expression of EBI3 in monocyte,and the IL-35-ex-pressing monocyte in lung tissue was negatively correlated with the load of bacteria.The IL-35-expressing monocyte in peripheral blood and lungs increased significantly at 2-week and 4-week,while it increased in lung tissue at 8 week,significantly.Conclusion: BCG-infects mouse monocytes with high expression of IL-35,it may participate in anti-tuberculosis immune regulation.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the effect of dipeptide of glutamine and alanine on patients with severe traumatic brain injury.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 46 patients (31 males and 15 females, aged 7-68 years, (47+/-9.6) years on average) with severe traumatic brain injury were randomized into two groups: Group G (n=23) and Group C (n=23). The patients in Group G received nutritional remedy with the dipeptide of glutamine and alanine, whereas the patients in Group C received routine nutritional therapy only. GCS changes, the length of stay in the neurosurgical intensive care unit (NICU), the mortality,the count of lymphocytes, related complications including lung infection and hemorrhage of alimentary tracts, etc, were examined and recorded.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The fatality rate and the length of stay in NICU in Group G was lower than these in Group C (P larger than 0.05), but no obvious difference was found in GCS changes of the patients between the two groups (P larger than 0.05). The patients with lung infection and alimentary tract hemorrhage in Group G were less than those in Group C (P larger than 0.05). The count of lymphocytes in Group G was more than that in Group C (P larger than 0.05), but no difference was found in other nutritional data.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Dipeptide of glutamine and alanine can increase the resisting stress and anti-infection ability of patients with severe traumatic brain injury, which can also lower the mortality and shorten the NICU stay.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Alanine , Therapeutic Uses , Brain Injuries , Drug Therapy , Dipeptides , Therapeutic Uses , Glutamine , Therapeutic UsesABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the mechanisms of Kebimin decoction (KD) in treating allergic rhinitis (AR).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty patients with AR were randomly divided into two groups, patients in the treated group (TG) were treated with KD, those in the control group (CG) were given Xinfang rhinitis capsule. The serum levels of adhesion molecule (sICAM-1, P-selectin), Th1 cytokines, including interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-2 (IL-2), and Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-5) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) before and after treatment, and compared with those in 30 healthy subjects as control.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The serum levels of adhesion molecule and Th2 cytokines were higher and Th1 cytokines were lower in AR patients than those in healthy control (P < 0.01). After treatment, these indexes were restored significantly (P < 0.01) in the treated group, but no significant change was found in the control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>KD has definite effect in treating allergic rhinitis by inhibiting production of adhesion molecule and regulating the levels of Th1/Th2 cytokines to correct the imbalanced Th1/Th2 cytokines network.</p>