ABSTRACT
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common male disease. Some related studies show that the prevalence of ED is nearly 52% in men aged 40 to 70 years and is increasing among younger males. Hypoxia is now considered to be an independent risk factor for ED and the mechanisms of hypoxia inducing ED are varied and complicated. Recently, an idea in penile rehabilitation has attracted much attention, which aims at improving erectile function by increasing oxygen supply to the cavernosum and reducing tissue fibrosis and apoptosis. The approaches to achieve non-sexual penile erection by increasing oxygen supply to the cavernosum, such as behavior therapy, medication, vacuum constriction device, and intracavernous injection, can simulate normal sexual erection and help patients with penile rehabilitation. This review focuses on the strategies for non-sexual penile erection in penile rehabilitation.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Erectile Dysfunction , Epidemiology , Rehabilitation , Hypoxia , Therapeutics , Oxygen , Penile Erection , Penis , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
<p><b>Objective</b>To investigate the effect of salidroside on the expression of the connexin43 (Cx43) protein in the corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells (CCSMCs) of hypoxic SD rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>CCSMCs were cultured in vitro and identified by immunofluorescence staining. The cells were divided into six groups: normal control (21% O2), hypoxia (1% O2), hypoxia+salidroside (HS) 8 μg/ml,HS 16 μg/ml, HS 32 μg/ml, and HS 64 μg/ml, and cultured for 48 hours. Then the relative expression of Cx43 in different groups was detected by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The in vitro cultured CCSMCs grew well and 90% of the cells showed positivity for α-SMA and desmin on immunohistochemistry. Salidroside ≤64 μg/ml produced no obvious toxicity on the CCSMCs. The expressions of Cx43 and phosphorylated proteins were dramatically increased in the hypoxia group as compared with the normal control (P<0.01 and P<0.05). The HS groups all showed significantly higher expression of Cx43 than the hypoxia group (P<0.01), but the phosphorylation rate of the Cx43 proteins was remarkably decreased (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Hypoxia increases the expression of Cx43 in the CCSMCs of SD rats. Salidroside ≤64 μg/ml cannot reverse the hypoxia-induced change but can reduce the dephosphorylation of Cx43 in CCSMCs. It is deduced that salidroside can protect CCSMCs by decreasing the phosphorylation of Cx43 and suppressing hypoxia-induced formation of the gap junction channel.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Actins , Metabolism , Cell Hypoxia , Cells, Cultured , Connexin 43 , Metabolism , Glucosides , Pharmacology , Myocytes, Smooth Muscle , Metabolism , Penis , Metabolism , Phenols , Pharmacology , Phosphorylation , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of shuxuetong (SXT) in preventing restenosis after intracoronary stenting.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty-eight patients, accepted intracoronary stenting, were divided into two groups, the SXT group and the control group, both of them were treated with conventional treatment, and to the SXT group, SXT was given additionally. The condition of treated coronary artery restenosis in the two groups was compared by way of quantitative coronary angiography and a 6-month follow-up study was adopted.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Follow-up study was completed in 43 patients (23 cases in the SXT group, and 20 in the control group). The angina recurrence rate in the SXT group (3 cases, 13%) was significantly lower than that in the control group (7 cases, 35%, P < 0.05). Quantitative coronary angiography showed the restenosis degree of operated artery in the SXT group was significantly milder than that in the control group, with the last lumen losing and index in the SXT group (0.46 +/- 0.25 mm, 24.26 +/- 8.64%) less than those in the control group (0.75 +/- 0.33 mm, 31.25 +/- 11.03%). The net gain lumen and the net gain index in the SXT group (1.23 +/- 0.30 mm, 58.96 +/- 24.68%) were greater than those in the control group (0.98 +/- 0.33 mm, 42.68 +/- 29.51%), all P < 0.05. But the restenosis rate in the two groups was insignificantly different (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SXT might has some definite effect in preventing restenosis after intracoronary stenting.</p>