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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the role of proline 4-hydroxylase Ⅱ (P4HA2) in the occurrence and progression of liver cancer.@*METHODS@#GEPIA and Human Protein Atlas database were used to predict the expression of P4HA2 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and K-M plotter online database was used to analyze the relationship between P4HA2 expression and the prognosis of HCC. We also examined the expressions of P4HA2 in HCC cells and normal hepatocytes using qRT-PCR and Western blotting. With lentivirus-mediated RNA interference, P4HA2 expression was knocked down in hepatoma SNU-449 and Hep-3B cells, and the changes in cell proliferation, migration and invasion were assessed using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, colony formation test, scratch test and Transwell assay. The changes in the expressions of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal pathway-related proteins were detected using Western blotting.@*RESULTS@#Online database analysis showed that the expression of P4HA2 was significantly higher in HCC tissues than in normal liver tissues (P < 0.05). The expression levels of P4HA2 mRNA and protein were also significantly higher in HCC cell lines than in normal hepatocytes (P < 0.01). Lentivirus-mediated RNA interference of P4HA2 significantly lowered the expression levels of P4HA2 mRNA and protein in the hepatoma cells (P < 0.05) and caused obvious inhibition of cell proliferation, migration and invasion. P4HA2 knockdown significantly increased the expression of E-cadherin protein, lowered the expressions of N-cadherin and Snail, and obviously decreased the expressions of phosphorylated PI3K, AKT and mTOR (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#P4HA2 enhances the proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT of hepatoma cells by activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway to promote the occurrence and progression of liver cancer.
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Humans , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Movement/genetics , Cell Proliferation/genetics , Liver Neoplasms/pathology , Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism , Prolyl Hydroxylases/metabolism , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism , RNA, Messenger , Signal Transduction , TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolismABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: T?nnis classification is commonly used to quantify the severity of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), which relies on the presence of the epiphyseal ossification centre. Thereafter, a new classification system (IHDI method) has been developed by the International Hip Dysplasia Institute (IHDI). However, the pathologic morphology has not been defined based on the IHDI grade.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the correlation of the pathologic changes of the hip on MRI with IHDI classification.METHODS: Image data of 65 infants (89 hips) with DDH were analyzed retrospectively, with an average age of 20.4 months. The radiographic severity was graded by IHDI system, and the correlation between IHDI classification and pathological changes of the hip was analyzed, by observing the morphology and position of the limbus, and the cartilaginous acetabular index.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) A positive correlation was detected between severity of the IHDI grades and age at reduction (r=0.456, P < 0.001). (2) Unexpectedly, the cartilaginous femoral epiphysis still remained contacting with the acetabulum in a part of type III DDH. The cartilaginous acetabular index was significantly increased with IHDI grade increasing (P=0.028). (3) The limbus was everted in all of the type I hips; however, inverted or mixed shape accounted about 60% in the type II hips, 86% in the type III, and 97% in the type IV, respectively. (4) These results manifest that the DDH was severer, and the limbus trended to be more inverted with the increasing in IHDI grade. Moreover,understanding the correlation of the pathologic morphology with the IHDI classification is of great significance for planning an appropriate treatment scheme for DDH.
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Objective To explore the effect of metformin on learning and memory ability and hippocampal tissue structure in mice during aging induced by D-galactose, and the possible underling mechanisms. Methods Twenty-four SPF 7-month-old female ICR mice were randomly divided into three groups. Mice of the aging group and aging+metformin group were given subcutaneous injection with D-galactose on the back to induce senescence, and given intragastric gavage with 0. 9% saline or metformin. Mice of the control group were treated with 0. 9% saline. All treatments lasted for 16 weeks. The body weight and food intake were monitored, learning and memory ability and motor function were tested by Mirros water maze and shuttle box tests, HE staining was used to observe the pathology of hippocampus in the mice, and the levels of glutathione (glutathione, GSH) in hippocampus of mice were detected by colorimetry. Results Compared with the aging group, the aging+meformin group showed diverse differences:the body weight was decreased (P < 0. 05), the escape latency and swimming distance were decreased ( P < 0. 01 or P < 0. 05 ) , the swimming time in the target quadrant was prolonged (P < 0. 05) and swimming speed was accelerated (P < 0. 05) in the Morris water maze test. The numbers of active avoidance response were markedly increased in shuttle box test ( P < 0. 05 ) . The neurons with nuclear condensation and deep staining were obviously decreased in the dentate gyrus of hippocampus, however the GSH level was significantly increased ( P < 0. 05 ) . Conclusions Metformin can delay the decline of learning and memory ability, maintain the normal structure of hippocampus during the aging process in mice, which may be related to the reduction of body weight and enhancement of antioxidant levels in the hippocampus.
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Objective To develop a new mPCR method for rapid diagnosis of six types of encephalitis causing viruses of HS-VI,HSVII,VZV,EBV,EV71 and CMV.Methods Six pairs of specific primers for CMV,EV71,HSV I,VZV,EBV and HSV II were designed.The mPCR detection method was established and the sensitivity was detected.In order to verify the clinical application value of their multiplex PCR system,fifteen cerebrospinal fluid specimens of clinically suspected VE from the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from 2014 to 2015 were examined by the mPCR method.Results The 6 pairs of primers did not interfere with each other,and the sensitivity of the mPCR system was over 103copies/μl.Among 15 cerebrospinal fluid specimens from patients with suspected viral encephalitis,six specimens(6/15,40%)were tested positive by the mPCR.Among them,HSV I was 5 and CMV was 1.Conclusion The mPCR method for detecting six types of en-cephalitis-associated virus at same time was established with high specificity,sensitivity and stability.
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Objective To study the routine examination of Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai and determine the contents of lappacontine and ranaconitine; To provide basis for establishing the quality standard of Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai.Methods Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai were collected from different areas.A method of TLC was used for qualitative discrimination. The methods in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia were adopted for the determination of moisture content, ash content and extractives. Determination of lappacontine and ranaconitine were performed by HPLC. Results The TLC showed that the spots were clear and the separation was good. Individual provisional standards:the moisture,total ash and acid-insoluble ash content of Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai were not more than 11.0%, 12.0%, and 7.0%, respectively; water soluble and alcohol soluble extractives were not less than 18.2% and 10.6%,respectively.The content of ranaconitine and lappacontine in Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai were not less than 0.125% and 0.815%, respectively. Conclusion The method established by the study is accurate and reliable,and can be used for quality evaluation of Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai.
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Objective To study the routine examination of Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai and determine the contents of lappacontine and ranaconitine; To provide basis for establishing the quality standard of Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai.Methods Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai were collected from different areas.A method of TLC was used for qualitative discrimination. The methods in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia were adopted for the determination of moisture content, ash content and extractives. Determination of lappacontine and ranaconitine were performed by HPLC. Results The TLC showed that the spots were clear and the separation was good. Individual provisional standards:the moisture,total ash and acid-insoluble ash content of Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai were not more than 11.0%, 12.0%, and 7.0%, respectively; water soluble and alcohol soluble extractives were not less than 18.2% and 10.6%,respectively.The content of ranaconitine and lappacontine in Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai were not less than 0.125% and 0.815%, respectively. Conclusion The method established by the study is accurate and reliable,and can be used for quality evaluation of Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai.
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Objective To provide herbalist basis for development of resource-related varieties through the study of herbal textual research of Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai, alias and source of production. Methods Description of Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai and its alias from the ancient herbal books was analyzed. Literature was searched to clarify modern research and conduct analysis. Results Ancient herbal textual records of Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai was not clear enough. The first records about Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai started from late Qing Dynasty, from which the source of production, medicinal parts, alias, harvest processing, efficacy and application of Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai were summed up. Conclusion Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai is the dry roots of Aconitum from Ranunculaceae, which has good medicinal prospects and development value, and can provide basis and guidance for the late clinical application and research.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the development of waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference (HC) in children and adolescents in Shandong province, and to provide scientific data for developing related reference values for screening central obesity in Chinese children and adolescents.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using data from 'Student physical fitness and health surveillance 2010 project' in Shandong province, a total of 42 275 students aged 7 - 18 years were selected to participate in this study. WC, HC, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and wrist-to-stature ratio (WSR) of subjects were measured. Comparison of data from the current study and other similar studies was made.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean values of WC increased with age, and boys all significantly higher than girls in all age categories (P < 0.01). There were two crosses on gender regarding the HC curves: before the age of 11 years, with mean HC higher in boys than in girls, but girls were higher than boys between the age of 12 to 14 while boys were also higher than girls after the age of 15 years. The 50(th) percentiles (P(50)) of WC of children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 years in Shandong appeared above the figures by 1.3 - 3.1 cm (boys) and 1.2 - 2.0 cm (girls) from 15 provinces in China as well as above the data from Hong Kong by 1.9 - 5.4 cm (boys) and 2.0 - 6.5 cm (girls), respectively. Overall, 20.20% of the boys and 16.57% of the girls had a WC of ≥ 90(th) percentile and 15.73% and 7.38% of the boys and girls had a WHtR of ≥ 0.5 which both showed significant differences between genders (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Children and adolescents from Shandong province had a high level of WC.</p>
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Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Body Mass Index , Child Development , China , Epidemiology , Students , Waist Circumference , Waist-Hip RatioABSTRACT
Objective: To observe the serum level of fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) and study its association with phosphorus and vitamin D metabolism. Methods: Serum FGF-23 level was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in ESRD patients undergoing haemodialysis (HD, n=50) and peritoneal dialysis (PD, n=24) and in twenty healthy controls (control group, n=20). Serum level of 1,25-(OH) 2 VitD was measured by enzyme immunoassay(EIA). Serum intact parathyroid hormone (PTH), creatinine, and calcium and phosphorus were also measured. Results: Serum FGF-23 was obviously higher in HD group([88.51 ± 35.01] ng/L vs [11.76 ± 3.63] ng/L) and PD group([87.85 ± 33.65] ng/L vs [11.76 ± 3.63] ng/L) than in control group. Moreover, the serum level of 1,25-(OH)2 VitD was lower in HD and PD groups than in control group ([19.82 ± 4.99] pmol/L vs [48.37 ± 3.47] pmol/L; [24.31 ± 7.11] pmol/ L vs [48.37 ± 3.47] pmol/L), and the level of 1,25-(OH)2 VitD was much lower in HD group than in PD group. Pearson relativity analysis showed that serum FGF-23 level was positively correlated with serum creatinine, phosphorus, intact PTH and duration of dialysis(P<0.01); and was negatively correlated with 1,25-(OH)2 VitD(P<0.01). Conclusion: Serum FGF-23 is greatly up-regulated in patients with ESRD, and the level of serum 1,25-(OH)2 VitD is down-regulated. The changes of FGF-23 is associated with serum creatinine, phosphorus, intact PTH and 1,25-(OH)2 VitD.
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Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ESHAP regimen,as a salvage regimen, in treating patients with relapsed or refractory aggressive NHL.Methods 38 patients with relapsed or refrac- tory aggressive NHL were selected to be treated by ESHAP regimen.Results The 38 patients received ES- HAP regimen with a range of 2～6 cycles. The total RR was 55.3 % with complete response(CR)rate of 26.3 %.The major toxicity was myelosuppression with infection,which was tolerable.Conclusion ESHAP regimen is one of safe and effective salvage regimens for the patients with relapsed or refractory aggressive NHL.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of hydroquinone on apoptosis of bone marrow mononuclear cells, and to evaluate the toxic effect of benzene on stem cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Cell morphology was observed by HT fluorescent stain method, and DNA fragments were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Anti-Annexin V FITC plus PI staining for apoptotic and necrotic rate was examined by flow cytometer.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After adding different concentrations of hydroquinone to the cells for 6 h culture, the fluorescent intensity of nucleus increased, the color of nucleus became deep and inhomogeneous, and the chromatin was condensed and distributed around the neucleus. DNA ladder was detected in all samples. Cell apoptotic rate in different concentration of hydroquinone groups was significantly higher than that in blank control group (P < 0.05). With the increase of the concentration of hydroquinone, the apoptotic and necrotic rate also increased. The optimal concentration of hydroquinone was 50 micro mol/L. When it was >or= 75 micro mol/L, the necrotic rate increased significantly. Hydroquinone-induced apoptosis was associated with culture time at the concentration of 50 micro mol/L, and the peak apoptotic time was 10 h, then the apoptotic rate decreased and necrotic rate increased.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Hydroquinone can induce apoptosis of bone marrow mononuclear cells in vitro with dose-effect and time-effect relationship.</p>
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Humans , Apoptosis , Bone Marrow Cells , Cell Biology , Cells, Cultured , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Hydroquinones , Pharmacology , Leukocytes, Mononuclear , Cell Biology , Mutagens , PharmacologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the protective effect of amifostine on hydroquinone-induced apoptosis of bone marrow mononuclear cells in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The mononuclear cells were separated and divided into four groups: blank control, amifostine group, hydroquinone group, amifostine + hydroquinone group. The cell apoptotic rate was examined in separated group at different time point, and apoptosis was detected by HT stain, then cell morphology was observed under fluorescent microscope and DNA fragments was tested by agarose gel electrophoresis. In addition, apoptotic and necrotic rate was detected by flow cytometer.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After 10 hour culture, DNA ladder was detected in the hydroquinone group, but not in other groups. The apoptotic rate was not significantly different between amifostine group and blank control group at different culture time (P > 0.05). After 8 - 12 hour culture, the apoptotic rate in amifostine + hydroquinone group was significantly lower than that in the group of hydroquinone alone (P < 0.01). After 18 - 48 hour culture, the necrotic rate in amifostine + hydroquinone group was lower than that in the group of hydroquinone alone (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Amifostine can protect cell from hydroguinone-induced bone marrow damage through inhibition on cell apoptosis, and decrease in cell necrosis.</p>