Influence of Appearance Stress, Ego-Resilience, Interpersonal Relations and Depression on Eating Attitude in Women Undergraduates / 기본간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify the degree of appearance stress, ego-resilience, interpersonal relations, depression, and eating attitude and to investigate the main factors influencing eating attitude in women undergraduates. METHODS: The research design was a descriptive survey design using a convenience sampling. Data were collected by self-report questionnaires from 238 women undergraduates. Data analyses were done using SPSS/WIN 18.0 program for descriptive statistics, t-test and multiple linear regression. RESULTS: The mean score for eating attitude was 0.36. There were statistically significant differences in appearance stress and interpersonal relations according to type of eating attitude. Also, appearance stress, interpersonal relations, and depression were significant predictors explaining 39% of the variance in eating attitude. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the factors influencing eating attitude should be considered when developing nursing interventions to change poor eating attitude for women undergraduates.

Factors Influencing Depressive Symptoms in Community Dwelling Older People / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was done to investigate the factors which influence depressive symptoms in older people. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study. Data were collected through questionnaires from 393 older people. Data analysis was done with SPSS/WIN 17.0. RESULTS: The prevalence of depression for elders was 14.8%. Living with family and level of education were significant factors related to depressive symptoms identified through multiple logistic regression analysis. After adjusting for several confounding factors, the factors related to depressive symptoms were number of chronic diseases, social support, frequency of social contact, sleep disturbance, and stress. CONCLUSION: Results of this study indicate that there is a need to construct and implement an integrated preventive program for depression which deals with care for chronic disease, reduction of stress, increased connection with a community network for social support and management of sleep disturbances.

Effects of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Program on Mental Health Problems in Children Dealing with Trauma: Focused on Community District Victimized by Oil Spill

PURPOSE: This study was done to evaluate the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy in a victimized community district and to determine if the program is an effective nursing intervention to reduce posttraumatic stress disorder symptom, depression and state anxiety. METHODS: A nonequivalent control group design was used for the study. The participants, 32 elementary school students, were selected from grades 4, 5, 6 and each student was assigned to either the experimental (16) or control (16) group. Cognitive behavioral therapy was used as the experimental treatment from April 9 to May 28, 2009. The experimental group received cognitive behavior therapy intervention 8 times. Data analysis was done using ANCOVA with SPSS 17.0. RESULTS: After the intervention, the experimental group showed significantly lower levels of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms than the control group. CONCLUSION: The findings from this study suggest that cognitive behavioral therapy is an effective nursing intervention to decrease the level of mental health problems of children in victimized district. Further research is required in order to identify the continuous effects of cognitive behavioral therapy.

A Study on Factors Influencing the Suicidal Ideation in Elderly People who Live Alone or Live with Family / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was done to compare suicidal ideation, depression, hopelessness, illness and self-esteem in elderly people who live alone or live with family. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study. Data were collected through questionnaires from 190 elderly people living alone and 188 elderly people living with family. Data analysis was done with SPSS/WIN 12.0. RESULTS: The scores for suicidal ideation, depression, hopelessness and illness of elderly people who live alone were higher than the scores of elderly people who live with family. Self-esteem in elderly people who live alone was lower than that of elderly people who live with family. There were significant differences in suicidal ideation of elderly people who live alone according to the demographic factors of frequency of social contact, disturbance of sleep, and status of employment. There were significant differences in suicidal ideation of elderly people who live with family according to the demographic factor of disturbance of sleep. CONCLUSION: Results of this study indicate that elderly people who live alone are at higher risk for suicidal ideation than elderly people who live with family. Provision of services to reduce suicidal ideation is especially important for elderly people who live alone.

The Effects of the Peer Suicide Prevention Gatekeeper Program for Middle School Students / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was done to evaluate the effects of the peer suicide prevention gatekeeper program for use with middle school students. METHODS: The research design was a quasi-experimental research of a nonequivalent control group. The gatekeeper program was used as the experimental treatment with the students from May 14 to June 11, 2010. The 54 research participants were assigned to the experimental (23) or control (31) group. The gatekeeper program was administered four times to the experimental group. Data analysis was done with SPSS 12.0 for t-test and ANCOVA. RESULTS: There were significant changes in the level of problem solving competence. There were no significant changes in the level of depression, and suicidal ideation. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the Gatekeeper program is an effective nursing intervention to increase the level of problem solving competence in middle school students.

The Effects of Laughter Therapy on Anger, Anger Expressions and Mental Status After Oil Spill in Victimized Community Residence / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was done to evaluate the effects of laughter therapy in victimized community residence and to suggest that the practice is an effective nursing intervention to reduce anger, anger expression and to improve mental health. METHODS: The research design was a non-synchronized design with a nonequivalent control group. Laughter therapy was used as the experimental treatment from March 21 to April 16 2009. The 31research participants were assigned to an experimental (15) or control (16) group. Laughter therapy was administered four times to the experimental group. Data analysis was done with SPSS/win 17.0 for Mann-Whitney U test and ANCOVA. RESULTS: There were significant changes in the level of trait anger and somatization. There were no significant changes in the level of anger expression, depression, anxiety, phobic anxiety, psychosis, obsessive-compulsive, paranoid and interpersonal sensitivity. CONCLUSION: These results show that laughter therapy is an effective nursing intervention to decrease the level of trait anger and somatization.

Predictors of Anxiety and PTSD in Battered Women / 성인간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to examine predictors of anxiety and PTSD in battered women. METHOD: The data were collected from 555 women who were stratified samples according to 15,000:1 from a target population in Korea from November 18, 2004 to February 18, 2005. The data was analysed using the SPSS program. RESULTS: Predictors of anxiety were self esteem, stress, state anger, social support, trait anger, negotiation, and psychological violence. These variables explained 55.8% of anxiety. Predictors of PTSD were self esteem, state anger, trait anger, psychological violence, stress, and anger-in. These variables explained 43.2% of PTSD. CONCLUSION: It is considered that the importance of separating the effects of the different types of violence when taking into account its effects on women's mental health. To promote women's mental health, it is needed to develop self esteem improvement programs, and anger and stress management programs.

A Study of the Relationship of Chronic Pain, Pain Coping, Fatigue, Self-esteem, and Depression in Elders / 기본간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was done to investigate the relationship among the variables, chronic pain, pain coping, fatigue, self-esteem, and depression in elders. METHOD: Data were collected by self-reported questionnaires from 270 older adults. Data analysis was done with SPSS 10.1 for descriptive statistics and a PC LISREL program for covariance structural analysis. RESULTS: According to modified model, chronic pain was found to have a significant direct and total effect on pain coping. Chronic pain and pain coping were found to have a significant direct and total effect on fatigue. Chronic pain, pain coping and fatigue were found to have a significant direct and total effect on self-esteem. Chronic pain, pain coping, and self-esteem were found to have a significant direct effect on depression. CONCLUSION: This modified model is considered appropriate for explaining the relationship among chronic pain, pain coping, fatigue, self-esteem, and depression in elders. Also, the findings support the development of an intervention strategy to relieve chronic pain in elders.

Prediction Model on Mental Health Status in Middle-aged Women of an Urban Area / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was designed to construct a structural model for explaining mental health status in middle - aged women. METHODS: The data was collected by self - reported questionnaires from 206 middle - aged women in Seoul. Data analysis was done with the SAS pc program for descriptive statistics and a PC - LISREL Program for finding the best fit model which assumes causal relationships among variables. RESULTS: The overall fit of the hypothetical model to the data was good, but paths and variables of the model were modified by considering theoretical implications and statistical significances of parameter estimates. Thus it was modified by excluding 3 paths. The modified model showed was good fit to the data(chi-square=177.55, p=.00), GFI=0.908, AGFI=0.860, RMR=0.013, NFI=0.972, NNFI=0.982). Perceived stress, anger expression method, and self -esteem were found to have direct effects on mental health status in middle - aged women. These predictive variables of mental health status explained 66.6% of the model. CONCLUSION: Programs to enhance mental health status in middle - aged women should include stress management skill, anger expression skill, and self -esteem enhancement skills to be effective.

A Correlational Study among Perceived Stress, Anger Expression, and Depression in Cancer Patients / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was to identify the relationship between perceived stress, anger expression, and level of depression in cancer patients. METHOD: A cross-sectional descriptive study design was used. Data was collected by questionnaires from 185 in- and out-patients who were diagnosed with cancer at 3 university hospitals and the National Cancer Center using Spielberger et al.'s Anger Expression Scale, Cohen, Kamarch & Mermelstein's Perceived Stress, and Derogatise's SCL-90. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression with SAS/PC. RESULT: The perceived stress in cancer patients indicated a significant positive correlation to anger-in(r=.288, p=.000), anger-out(r=.232, p=.001), and depression(r=.68, p=.000), but no significant correlation to anger-control. The anger-in of cancer patients showed a significant positive relationship to anger-out(r=.53, p=.000), and depression(r=.383, p=.000), but no significant correlation to anger-control. Anger-out showed a significantly negative correlation to anger-control(r=-.248, p=.001) and a positive correlation to depression(r=.240, p=.001). The most significant predictor which influenced depression in cancer patients was perceived stress, followed by anger-in and hobby, and these factors explained their depression with a variance of 54%. CONCLUSION: These results suggested that cancer patients with a high degree of perceived stress are likely to be high in anger-out and anger-in. Perceived stress and anger-in are major factors which affect depression in cancer patients.

Risk Factors for Sexual Behaviors in Girl's High School Students / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine risk factors for sexual behaviors in Korean female high school students. METHOD: Data was collected by a written questionnaire from June 22 to July 18, 2002 from 522 girls, who were stratified samples from a target population of 63,375 11th grade students from 200 regular high schools and 70 vocational high schools in Seoul, Korea. We conducted multiple regression analysis using the SAS pc+ program. RESULT: Risk factors for intimate behaviors were association with boy friends, differential association, family attachment, and family abuse experience. These variables cause 68% of intimate behaviors. Risk factors for sexual experiences were differential association, association with boy friend, and family attachment. These variables cause 14% of sexual experiences. CONCLUSION: Efforts to reduce sexual behaviors in girls should include the possible role of peers and develop peer leader programs.

A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of a Self-Efficacy Promoting Program / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effects of a self-efficacy promoting program and analyze its components. METHOD: The material used for this study were 18 self-efficacy promoting program studies carried out from Jan. 1980 to Oct. 2003. The studies were analyzed in different categories: 1) types of dependent variables 2) sample characteristics 3) types of experimental treatment conditions 4) types of self-efficacy source and 5) total amount of time RESULT: 1) The weighted mean of a self-efficacy promoting program ranged from 1.383 to 0.015 2) for the experimental treatment condition, exercise had a much larger effect in increasing general self-efficacy and self-care than education 3) the studies using 3 sources had a much larger effect in increasing self-care than the studies using 4 sources 4) a time period longer than 900 minutes had a much larger effect in increasing specific self-efficacy, general self-efficacy and self-care than in a time period shorter than 900 minutes. 5) effect size of specific self-efficacy was significantly higher than general self-efficacy. CONCLUSION: These results can be used to guide the development of a self-efficacy promoting program for nursing practice.

Study on the Sexual Attitudes Type and Sexual Experiences as Regards Risk Behaviors in Girls High School Students / 여성건강간호학회지

The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between sexual attitude and risk behaviors, between risk behavior and sexual experiences in Korean girls high school students. The subjects for this study were 522 girls, who were samples from a target population of 63,375 11th grade students from 200 regular high schools and 70 vocational high schools in Seoul. The data were collected from June 22 to July 18, 2002. A structured questionnaire was used that included measurement of general characteristics, sexual attitudes, risk behaviors and sexual experiences. The data were processed with the SAS program, which uses descriptive statistics, t-test, and ANOVA in its analyses. The results of this study are as follows: 1.The frequency of sexual experience is as follows; 'holding hands' had the highest percentage, 57.47%, followed in order by 'arms around' 50.19%, 'act of embracing' 50.19%, 'kiss' 37.74%, 'french kiss' 30.84%, 'touch breasts' 8.62%, 'touch sexual organs' 3.26%, 'coitus' 2.30%, 'contraception' 0.77%, 'pregnancy' 0.19%, 'abortion' 0.19%, and 'prostitution' 0.19%. 2.The score of conservatives types was significantly different depending upon exposure to pornographic material and drinking. In comparison, the score of permissiveness types was significantly different depending upon exposure to pornographic material, drinking, and running away from home. But the score of pleasure seeking types was not significantly different than that of the risk behaviors types. 3.There was statistically significant difference in the sexual experience depending upon exposure to pornographic material, drinking, smoking, and running away from home. 4. In the relationship between sexual attitude types and sexual experience, there was a negative correlation between the conservatives types and sexual experiences such as 'holding hands', 'arms around', 'act of embracing', 'kiss', 'french kiss', 'touch breasts', 'touch sexual organs', and 'coitus'. There was a positive correlation between the permissiveness types and sexual experiences such as 'holding hands', 'arms around', 'act of embracing', 'kiss', 'french kiss', 'touch breasts', 'touch sexual organs', and 'coitus'. There was also a positive correlation between the pleasure-seeking types and sexual experiences such as 'touch sexual organ', 'contraceptions', 'pregnancy', and 'prostitution'. Based on the finding of this study, this society should develop a integrated program to prevent risk behaviors and sexual experiences in girls high school students.

The Predictive Model of Adolescent Women's Depression / 간호학회지

This study was condicted to construct a hypothetical model of depression in Korean adolescent women and validate the fit of the model to the empiricla data. The data were collected from 345 high school girls in Seoul, from May 1 to June 30, 1998. The instruments were the Body Mass Index, Physical Satisfaction Scale, Family Adaptatibility and Cohesion Evaluation Scale III, Family Satisfaction Scale, CES-D and School Adaptation Scale. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics with the pc-SAS program. The Linear Structural Relationship(LISREL) modeling process was used to find the best fit model which would predict the causal relationships among the variables. The overall fit of the hypothetical model to the data was moderate [X2=69.6(df=17, p=.000), GFI=0.95, AGFI=0.90, RMR=0.087, NNFI=0.86, NFI=0.90]. The predictable variables, especially menstrual symptoms, physical symptoms and family function, had a significant direct effect on depression, but school life adaptation did not have a significant direct effect. These variables explained 18.1% of the total variance.