Effect of an educational tooth-brushing program using priming in an elderly population with dementia residing in nursing homes / 대한구강보건학회지

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of an educational program using priming on oral health, and dental plaque, and gingival bleeding indices in an elderly population with dementia (EWD) residing in nursing homes. METHODS: A pretest and posttest were conducted with a nonequivalent control group. In total, 40 participants from an EWD had the following characteristics: 1) they were aged >65 years, 2) they scored <23 points on the MMSE-DS, 3) they were able to communicate, 4) they were able to hold a toothbrush and brush his or her teeth by themselves, and 5) they had no periodontal treatment for the last 3 months. Through random sampling, participants were assigned into either the experimental (n=20) or control group (n=20). The educational program consisted of twelve 30-minute sessions (twice per week for 6 weeks). The control group was demonstrated the standard tooth-brushing method by the facility during the study period. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in demographics or main variables at pretest. The experimental group showed significant differences in the subjective oral health condition, as compared to the control group. The experimental group showed an increase in the level of tooth-brushing effort (t=―8.816, P<.001) and higher scores of self-evaluative dental health status (P<.001) as compared to the control group. The experimental group showed a reduced plaque index (t=11.179, P<.001) and gingival bleeding index (t=5.812, P<.001) compared to the control group. Additionally, the experimental group showed significant differences in changes of plaque index and gingival bleeding index between the pretest and posttest. CONCLUSIONS: An interventional program on tooth brushing with priming effectively improved dental health, plaque index, and gingival bleeding index in EWDs residing in nursing homes. Direct care providers should understand the remaining abilities of EWDs and carry out priming when providing care to them.

Effects of Light-Curing on the Immediate and Delayed Micro-Shear Bond Strength between Yttria-Tetragonal Zirconia Polycrystal Ceramics and Universal Adhesive

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of light-curing on the immediate and delayed micro-shear bond strength (microSBS) between yttria-tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) ceramics and RelyX Ultimate when using Single Bond Universal (SBU). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Y-TZP ceramic specimens were ground with #600-grit SiC paper. SBU was applied and RelyX Ultimate was mixed and placed on the Y-TZP surface. The specimens were divided into three groups depending on whether light curing was done after adhesive (SBU) and resin cement application: uncured after adhesive and uncured after resin cement application (UU); uncured after adhesive, but light cured after resin cement (UC); and light cured after adhesive and light cured resin cement (CC). The three groups were further divided depending on the timing of microSBS testing: immediate at 24 hours (UUI, UCI, CCI) and delayed at 4 weeks (UUD, UCD, CCD). microSBS was statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test (P0.05). At 4 weeks, microSBS of UUD group (24.43+/-2.88 MPa) had significantly increased over time compared to UUI group (P<0.05). The SEM results showed mixed failure in UCI and CCI group, while UUI group showed adhesive failure. CONCLUSION: Light-curing of universal adhesive before or after application of RelyX Ultimate resin cement significantly improved the immediate microSBS of resin cement to air-abrasion treated Y-TZP surface. After 4 weeks, the delayed microSBS of the non-light curing group significantly improved to the level of light-cured groups.

Moderately Differentiated Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Larynx

Neuroendocrine neoplasm of the larynx is a morphologically heterogeneous group of tumors. This unusual neoplasm includes the four different type of tumors. Paraganglioma is the best-known neural origin tumor. The epithelial origin tumor is further divided based on the degree of differentiation into well, moderately, and poorly differentiated carcinoma. The diverse biological behavior of neuroendocrine neoplasm of larynx makes an accurate diagnosis of paramount importance, since treatment depends on diagnostic accuracy. The diagnosis is based primarily on light microscopy, and immunohistochemical and/or ultrastructural investigations are needed to diagnose correctly. The mainstay of treatment of moderately differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma of the larynx is surgery. Elective neck treatment should be performed considering the high likelihood of cervical lymph node metastases. The 5-yr survival rate approximates 50%, and 10-yr survival rate is only 30%.

A Case of Fibrous Histiocytoma in Parotid Gland / 대한이비인후과학회지

Fibrous histiocytoma is a tumor of a biphasic cell population of fibroblasts and histiocytes. It usually occurs in the sun-exposed skin and orbital tissue but it has also been found in the upper aerodigestive tract, salivary gland, and deep layers of scalps and face. Fibrous histiocytoma in the parotid gland is extremely rare. It must be distinguished from other spindle cell tumors of parotid gland, particularly those of epithelial and myoepithelial origins. In immunohistochemical studies, antibody markers against vimentin and smooth muscle-specific actin lead to the diagnosis of fibrous histiocytoma. The malignant fibrous histiocytoma can be differentiated by its histopathology, since it consists of pleomorphism of cells, abundant mitotic figure, atypic mitotic figure and other tissue invasion. The clinical features such as rapid growth and distant organ metastasis allow a diagnosis of malignant variants. Treatment of benign fibrous histiocytoma can be made by a wide local excision without the sacrifice of near organs.

A Case of Thyroid Papillary Microcarcinoma with Submental Node Metastasis / 대한이비인후과학회지

Thyroid papillary microcarcinomas are small (10< mm) thyroid cancers. The majority of these are not palpable and not apparent clinically. Some patients with thyroid papillary microcarcinoma present palpable neck node metastasis, which lead to the diagnosis of papillary thyroid cancer that had not initially been apparent. The central and ipsilateral compartments are frequently affected with lymph node metastasis of thyroid carcinoma and the posterior triangle may be involved also. However, the submental and submandibular triangle are rarely involved. Here, we report a case of 57-year-old woman with a five-year history of painless submental area masses. The patient had a history of the same lesion, which was excised at another hospital 10 years ago. Aspirated specimen of mass demonstrated malignant cells of papillary carcinoma. Surgical excision of metastatic lesions was followed by total thyroidectomy, extended radical neck dissection, forearm free flap reconstruction and tracheostomy. Histological examinations confirmed that the patient had lymph node metastasis from papillary microcarcinoma of the thyroid.