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Objective@#To establish an autoregressive moving average model for the prediction of tuberculosis cases in students of Shanxi Province, and to provide scientific basic for the prevention and treatment of pulmonary tuerculosis among students.@*Methods@#A optimized ARIMA model was set up based on reported monthly data of TB in students from January 2010 to September 2019 in Shanxi Province by SAS 9.3 software, and the incidence trend in the next two years was predicted.@*Results@#The average reported rate of active TB in students of Shanxi Province was 23.52 per 100 000 from 2010 to 2019,showing an overall downward trend(χ2=999 980.46，P<0.01). The optimal model was SARIMA(0，1，1)(0，1，1)12,SBC=982.16. The fitted equation was (1-0.63B) (1-B12)Yt=(1-0.61B12)εt. The mean relative error was 19.35%,and the predicted incidence trend was consistent with the previous years,and the peak was from March to May.@*Conclusion@#Substantial progress has been made in student TB prevention of Shanxi Province. The ARIMA product season model is suitable for forecasting the TB incidence in students,so as to provide scientific guidance for its early prevention and control.
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Objective:To explore the effect of comprehensive gastrointestinal training on the recovery of gastrointestinal function after radical cystectomy (Bricker′s operation).Methods:Seventy-one elderly bladder cancer patients who had undergone Bricker′s operation were randomly divided into a control group of 34 and an observation group of 37. Both groups were given routine treatment, while the observation group was additionally provided with comprehensive gastrointestinal training immediately after the operation. Plasma gastrin was measured before the operation and on the 1st and 3rd day afterward. The return of peristaltic sounds, the exhausting and defecation time, the incidence of intestinal obstruction and the average hospital stay were recorded. On the 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day after the operation, both groups′ gastrointestinal functioning was scored by using Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS).Results:The levels of plasma gastrin in the observation group were significantly higher than before the surgery and significantly higher than those in the control group on the 1st and 3rd day after the surgery, though there had been no significant difference between the two groups before the operation. Compared with the control group, peristaltic sounds returned significantly earlier in the observation group (after 1.22±0.15d), and the group′s exhaust time (1.88±0.22d) and first defecation time (2.95±0.19d) were also better. The incidence of intestinal obstruction (23.53%) was significantly lower in the observation group as well. The observation group recorded lower average GSRS values than the control group throughout the observation and follow-up periods, and their average hospital stay was significantly shorter.Conclusion:Comprehensive gastrointestinal training can effectively promote recovery after radical bladder cystectomy.
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Objective@#To assess the clinical effects of percutaneous electrical stimulation on refractory lower urinary tract symptoms in elderly female patients.@*Methods@#Elderly female patients with refractory lower urinary tract symptoms from July 2016 to December 2017 were recruited.According to cystoscopy results, patients were divided into an interstitial cystitis group, a suspected interstitial cystitis group and an overactive bladder group.All patients received 3 courses of transcutaneous low-frequency electrical stimulation treatment in the suprapubic bladder area, with 40 min per time, 4 times per day, 7 days per course.Bladder diaries, pain scores and overactive bladder symptom scores were recorded before and after treatment.@*Results@#A total of 27 patients with a mean age of 74.3 years were enrolled.Under the cystoscope with water dilatation, 9 cases were found to have mucosal bleeding, with mast cells detected in mucosal specimens examined via electron microscopy(in the interstitial cystitis group), 5 cases had superficial mucosal congestion(in the suspected interstitial cystitis group)and 13 cases showed normal imaging(in the overactive bladder group). In the interstitial cystitis group, the 24-h urinary frequency improved from 15.4±2.5 times before treatment to 11.9±2.0 times after treatment(P<0.05), but pain scores had no significant difference before and after treatment[(8.3±2.0) and (8.2±1.6), P>0.05]. In the suspected interstitial cystitis group, the 24-h urinary frequency improved from (11.8±1.5) times before treatment to (8.4±1.1) times after treatment, and pain scores decreased from (6.4±1.1) to (4.2±1.1)(P<0.05). In the overactive bladder group, the 24-h urinary frequency improved from (19.2±2.0) times before treatment to (15.9±1.3) times after treatment(P<0.05), and the overactive bladder symptom score(OABSS)decreased from (8.9±1.6) to (5.9±1.6)(P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#Percutaneous electrical stimulation is an easy, safe and effective treatment in elderly females with refractory lower urinary tract symptoms, and should be encouraged in clinical practice.
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Objective To assess the clinical effects of percutaneous electrical stimulation on refractory lower urinary tract symptoms in elderly female patients.Methods Elderly female patients with refractory lower urinary tract symptoms from July 2016 to December 2017 were recruited.According to cystoscopy results,patients were divided into an interstitial cystitis group,a suspected interstitial cystitis group and an overactive bladder group.All patients received 3 courses of transcutaneous low-frequency electrical stimulation treatment in the suprapubic bladder area,with 40 min per time,4 times per day,7 days per course.Bladder diaries,pain scores and overactive bladder symptom scores were recorded before and after treatment.Results A total of 27 patients with a mean age of 74.3 years were enrolled.Under the cystoscope with water dilatation,9 cases were found to have mucosal bleeding,with mast cells detected in mucosal specimens examined via electron microscopy(in the interstitial cystitis group),5 cases had superficial mucosal congestion (in the suspected interstitial cystitis group)and 13 cases showed normal imaging(in the overactive bladder group).In the interstitial cystitis group,the 24-h urinary frequency improved from 15.4 ± 2.5 times before treatment to 11.9 ± 2.0 times after treatment (P ＜0.05),but pain scores had no significant difference before and after treatment[(8.3±2.0) and (8.2±1.6),P＞0.05].In the suspected interstitial cystitis group,the 24-h urinary frequency improved from (11.8 ± 1.5) times before treatment to (8.4±1.1) times after treatment,and pain scores decreased from (6.4±1.1) to (4.2±1.1) (P＜0.05).In the overactive bladder group,the 24-h urinary frequency improved from (19.2±2.0) times before treatment to (15.9 ± 1.3) times after treatment(P ＜0.05),and the overactive bladder symptom score(OABSS)decreased from (8.9±1.6) to (5.9±1.6)(P＜0.05).Conclusions Percutaneous electrical stimulation is an easy,safe and effective treatment in elderly females with refractory lower urinary tract symptoms,and should be encouraged in clinical practice.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the value of the diagnostic criteria for bladder outlet obstruction in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 358 patients with BPH were divided into 3 grades according to fibrous urethrocystoscopy information on the severity of obstructions, which were classified as Grade 1 (slight), Grade 2 (moderate), and Grade 3 (severe). By Schäfer's graph they were divided into 7 grades, represented by 0 to VI. We analyzed the volume of prostate, maximum flow rate (Qmax), residual urine volume, International Prostatic Symptom Score (IPSS) and detrusor instability. Statistical analysis ANOVA (analysis of variance) was made, spearman correlation evaluated and the coefficient of determination measured.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of all the patients, 27 were classified as Grade 1, 236 as Grade 2 and 95 as Grade 3. Eighty-four patients had detrusor instability. The volumes of the prostate ranged from 16 ml to 145 ml, averaging (47.04 +/- 15.61) ml. The mean maximum flow rate was (10.02 +/- 2.12) ml/min and the mean residual urine volume was (84.06 +/- 36.50) ml. With the increase of the severity of obstruction, the volume of the prostate increased (F = 4.216, P < 0.05), IPSS rose (F = 8.408, P < 0.001), the maximum flow rate decreased (F = 22.43, P < 0.001), the residual urine volume rose (F = 163.232, P < 0.001), the incidence of detrusor instability increased (F = 23.637, P < 0.001) and Schäfer's grades were elevated (F = 202.897, P < 0.001). The volume of the prostate, the maximum flow rate (Qmax), residual urine volume, IPSS detrusor instability and Schäfer's grades were all correlated significantly with the severity of the obstruction. The correlation index and coefficient of determination were r = 0.29, R2 = 0.08; r = 0.35, R2 = 0.12; r = -0.69, R2 = 0.47; r = 0.60, R2 = 0.36; r = 0.33, R2 = 0.11; r = 0.72, R2 = 0.52; respectively. The correlation between the urethrocystoscopy information and Schäfer's graph on the severity of the obstruction were the best criteria of all.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The severity of the obstruction at urethrocystoscopy correlates well with that at urodynamic investigation. Such criteria could improve the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnosis of bladder outlet obstruction.</p>