ABSTRACT
Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) is one of the pattern recognition receptors and recognizes the flagellin protein of bacteria.It activates innate immune responses and induces production of a series of cytokines.TLR5 functions as a bridge linking innate and adaptive immunities.It is known that TLR5 plays an important role in the occurrence and development of certain infectious diseases.This review summarizes the relationships of TLR5 polymorphisms with the development of infectious diseases and discusses the possible pathogenesis.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the feasibility of chromosomal microarray analysis(CMA) for studying the correlation between birth defects and chromosomal aberrations.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 2000 patients with birth defects were recruited for the CMA testing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Five hundred twenty two patients (26.1%) were found to have chromosomal abnormalities. These included 24 cases with numerical abnormalities, 11 with mosaicisms, and 11 with uniparental disomies. The remaining 476 cases were of well-known microdeletion or microduplication syndromes. The advantage of CMA over conventional karyotyping was demonstrated in many cases.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>As a powerful tool for patients with birth defects, CMA can produce a higher diagnostic yield compared with conventional karyotyping.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Chromosome Disorders , Genetics , Chromosomes, Human , Genetics , Gene Dosage , Karyotyping , Oligonucleotide Array Sequence AnalysisABSTRACT
Objective To validate the therapeutic effect of acupuncture stage treatment on facial spasm and seek a better method for treating this disease. Method One hundred and forty patients were randomly allocated to stage treatment (50 cases), acupuncture (50 cases) and Western medicine (40 cases) groups. In the stage treatment group, treatment was divided into early, middle and late stages according to the patients’ duration of disease. Each stage provided acupuncture point injection of different medicine plus warm needling. The acupuncture group received conventional acupuncture with 1 hour retention of needles and the Western medicine group, oral administration of carbamazepine tablets, 0.2 g 3 times a day. After the completion of treatment course, a six-month follow-up was performed to determine no relapse or aggravation in the three groups and the therapeutic effects were evaluated using Cohen and Albert spasm grading criteria.Result The complete resolution rate was 56% (28/50) in the stage treatment group, 14.0% (7/50) in the acupuncture group and 20.0% (8/40) in Western medicine group. The complete resolution rate was significantly higher in the stage treatment group than in the acupuncture and Western medicine groups (P<0.05). The total efficacy rate was 100.0% (50/50) in the stage treatment group, 70.0% (35/50) in the acupuncture group and 60.0% (24/40) in the Western medicine group. The total efficacy rate was significantly higher in the stage treatment group than in the acupuncture and Western medicine groups (P<0.05).Conclusion Stage treatment has a marked effect on facial spasm.
ABSTRACT
Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a viral infectious disease regarded to be a public-health problem worldwide. Since the 1990s, HFMD began to spread in the Asia-Pacific region (especially in South-East Asia). HFMD outbreaks have occurred in mainland China frequently since 2008, and the morbidity and mortality of HFMD has continued to increase in recent years. In mainland China, enterovirus A serotype enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) have been the major pathogens of HFMD during these years. However, the etiological spectrum of HFMD changes with time. This review focuses mainly on the etiological spectrum of HFMD and changes in epidemic patterns in mainland China.
Subject(s)
Humans , China , Epidemiology , Disease Outbreaks , Enterovirus , Classification , Genetics , Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease , Epidemiology , Virology , PrevalenceABSTRACT
The examination mode which focuses on comprehensive and designing experiments is established for the course of pathogenic biology and immunology experiments. The test of experiment modules and the identification of pathogenic morphology are utilized to assess students'skill objectively. This item is expected to be beneficial to improving students'innovating spirit and enhancing their ability to analyse and resolve problems.