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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To review the studies investigating the increased risk of lung cancer in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).</p><p><b>DATA SOURCES</b>Data cited in this review were obtained mainly from PubMed and Medline from 1999 to 2013 and highly regarded older publications were also included.</p><p><b>STUDY SELECTION</b>We identified, retrieved and reviewed the information on the frequency, risk factors, anatomical features, histological types, clinical manifestations, computed tomography findings and underlying mechanisms of lung cancer in IPF patients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The prevalence rates of lung cancer in patients with IPF (4.8% to 48%) are much higher than patients without IPF (2.0% to 6.4%). The risk factors for lung cancer in IPF include smoking, male gender, and age. Lung cancers often occur in the peripheral lung zones where fibrotic changes are predominant. Adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are the most common types of lung cancer in patients with IPF. Radiologic features of these patients include peripherally located, ill-defined mass mimicking air-space disease. The underlying mechanisms of the development of lung cancer in patients with IPF have not been fully understood, but may include the inflammatory response, epithelial injury and/or abnormalities, aberrant fibroblast proliferation, epigenetic and genetic changes, reduced cell-to-cell communication, and activation of specific signaling pathways.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>These findings suggest that IPF is associated with increased lung cancer risk. It is necessary to raise the awareness of lung cancer risk in IPF patients among physicians and patients.</p>
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Age Factors , Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis , Epidemiology , Genetics , Lung Neoplasms , Epidemiology , Genetics , Risk Factors , Sex FactorsABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the distribution status of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) in children in Suining area and the changes of drug-resistance spectrum to provide the basis for clinical antibacterial drugs selection .Methods The ATB microbiologi-cal system was adopted to identify the bacteria and the K-B method was used to conduct the drug sensitivity test .The detection situ-ation of PA in our hospital from January 2010 to December 2012 was performed the statistical analysis on the distribution in various specialties of pediatrics and drug resistance .Results Among 46 isolated strains of PA ,39 strains were mainly distributed in the specialties of respiration ,neonatology and pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) ,which accounted for 84 .8 % ,22 strains were isolated from sputum specimens ,which accounted for 47 .83% .The isolation rate in last three years showed the rising trend year by year , and the resistance to antibiotics was increased year after year .Conclusion PA is one of the main pathogens of clinical infection .We should strengthen its drug-resistance monitoring and use antibacterial drugs reasonably .
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Objective To study the potential improvement of donor heart storage by A1 adenosine receptor-induced delayed preconditioning and its relation with NF-?B. Methods A total of 64 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups. Group A was pretreated with 2-chloro-N6-cyclopen-tyladenosine (CCPA), and Group B was only injected saline. Twenty-four hours later, the hearts in groups A and B were stored in St.Thomas solution for 4 h at 4 ℃ and reperfused with K-H buffer for 1 h. Group C was administered with CCPA after 15-minute saline injection, and Group D was injected with inhibitor of nuclear factor ?B, pyrrolidindiethyldithiocarbamate (PDTC) first and 15 min later injected with CCPA. Group E was only injected with saline and Group F with PDTC. Twenty-four hours later, the rat hearts were isolated, perfused with H-K buffer solution on the Langendorff apparatus, and subjected to hypothermic ischemia for 180 min with intermittent perfusion of modified St. Thomas solution, and reperfused with 37 ℃ H-K buffer for 60 min. Left ventricular function, myocardial CK-MB leakage, tissue levels of adenosine triphosphate were measured. Results The recovery rate of ?dp/dt max left ventricle in Group A were much higher than that of Group B, while that in Group C were much higher than that in groups D, E and F (P
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Objective To study the inhibitory effect of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX 2) inhibitor celecoxib on the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cell (HCC) line SMMC 7721 in vitro . Methods Growth suppression was evaluated by MTT method. Apoptosis related changes in morphology were observed by fluorescence microscopy (FM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Apoptotic index (AI) was counted by the TDT mediated dUTP biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. The apoptotic rate was quantified by flow cytometry (FCM). Results Celecoxib inhibited the growth of HCC cells in a dose dependent manner. The growth inhibitory rates of HCC cells treated with 2, 10, 20, and 40 mmol/L celecoxib were 20.78%, 33.37%, 48 57%, and 64 96%, respectively ( P
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Objective To study the relationship of the polymorphism of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene and blood pressure, lipid profiles and blood sugar level. Methods Totally 184 essential hypertension patients and 196 matched health individuals with normal blood pressure were subjected in this study. Their age, sex and BMI were recorded and eNOS Glu 298 Asp gene polymorphism were detected in using PCR-RFLP. Lipid profiles, including triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (CHO), HDL, LDL, and blood sugar level were also detected. Results Significant difference of the percentage of eNOS Glu 298 Asp gene were observed in age, systolic blood pressure, BMI group (P