ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to investigate bacterial translocation and change in intestinal permeability in patients after abdominal surgery. Sixty-three patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery were enrolled in the study. Blood samples were collected prior to operation and 2, 24, 48 h after surgery for bacterial culture, microbial DNA extraction, plasma D-lactate and endotoxin measurement. PCR analysis was performed after DNA extraction, with beta-lactosidase gene of E. coli and 16S rRNA gene as target genes. All patients were observed for a period of 30 days for infectious complications. Our results showed that no bacterial DNA was detected before surgery, but after operation it was found in 12 patients (19.0%). Bacterial DNA was detected in 41.7% (10/24) of SIRS patients and 5.1% (2/39) of non-SIRS patients (P<0.01). About 83.3% of PCR-positive patients developed systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), but only 27.5% of PCR-negative patients did so (P<0.01). Two thirds of PCR-positive patients developed infectious complications, while none of PCR-negative patients did (P<0.01). The blood culture was positive only in 3 patients (4.8%), who were all PCR-positive. E. coli DNA was found in 66.7% of the PCR-positive patients. The plasma levels of D-lactate and endotoxin were elevated significantly 2, 24 and 48 h after operation in PCR-positive patients, with a significant positive correlation found between them (r=0.91, P<0.01). It is concluded that increased intestinal permeability was closely related with bacterial translocation. Intestinal bacterial translocation (most commonly E. coli) might occur at early stage (2 h) after abdominal surgery. Postoperative SIRS and infection might bear a close relationship with bacterial translocation.
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Objective To investigate the effects of carbachol on intestinal inflammation and mucosal blood flow after gut ischemia-repedusion(I/R) in rat. Method A jejunal sac was formed in Wistar rats. The superior mesenteric artery (SMA) was occluded for 45 mi-nutes followed by 240 minutes of reperfusion. Animals were random divided into three groups: sham operation, L/R + saline injection (I/R + NS) and I/R + carbachol injection (0.1mg/kg, I/R + Ca). Immediately after occluded of SAM blood flow, either 0.1mg/kg of carba-chol or same account of 0.9% saline was injected into the jejunal sac. The pathological injury was observed with HE staining. The activity of DAO and content of TNF-α in intestinal mucosa tissue were determined. Mucosal blood flow was measured by laser Doppler. All measure-ments were done at 0 min, 30 min, 60 min, 120 min, and 240 min after reperfusion. Result In I/R group the activity of DAO in intestinal mucosa and mucosal blood flow deceased, meanwhile the content of TNF-α gut tissue was dramatically increased than those in sham operation (P<0.01). Severe pathological changes were observed in intestinal mucosa. After injection of carbachol, the activity of DAO and mucosal blood flow increased (P<0.01), but the content of TNF-α in intestinal mucosa were dramatically decreased (P<0.01), compared with those in I/R group. Conclusion Administration of carbachol protects intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury by attenuating intestinal mucosa inflammation and increasing gut mueosal blood flow.
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Aim To establish a rapid and sensitive diagnostic markerfor adjusting gut absorptive capacity after trauma. Methods A mi-cromethod for D-xylose test with phloroglucinal was established according toEberts with modification. The standard curves were repeated for fivetimes. Then the blood contents of fasting and orally taking 0. 5 g/kgD-xylose at 2nd and 4th hour were measured and the blood D-xylose con-tents of seven refilling rats with ischemia of intestine were mea-sured. Results The maximal absorption spectra was read at 554 nm byscanming of DU-7 Beckman. Good linearity of the D-xylose standard curvewas found with the range of 0 to 4 mmol/L(r=0. 9979 ±0. 0017) . Theblood content of rats at 2nd hour after orally taking D-xylose was ( 154 ± 6)mg/L amd that at 4th hour was decreased to (87 ± 11) mg/L. And theblood content at 2nd and 4th day after ischemic refilling was (162 ± 5)mg/L and (80 ± 8) mg/L respectively. The variation coefficients within andamong batches were 1.98% (n=6) and 3.10% (n=6), respective-ly. And D-xylose recovery rates were from 97.2% to 104. 3%. ConclusionMicromethod for D-xylose test appears to be simple, rapid and sensitive,and is an available index for estimating intestinal absorption after severetrauma.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To describe the methods which were used to develop collagen-based materials for wound dressing.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fresh frozen bovine tendon was treated with 0.05 mol/L acetic acid at pH 3.2 for 48-72 hours, homogenized, filtered, mixed with 8% chondroitin sulphate, for creating a deaerated 1.5%-2.5% collagen solution. The solution was lyophilized in either a pre-frozen or non-pre-frozen mould. The collagen sponge was then cross-linked with 0.25% glutaraldehyde for 24 hours. Three other types of wound dressings were developed using a similar method: collagen membrane with a polyurethane membrane onlay, polyurethane-coated collagen membrane and collagen membrane on gauze.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>It was demonstrated that the use of frozen bovine tendon was stable, and that the prepared collagen sponge contained pores of 50-400 microm in diameter.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Collagen could be used as wound dressing.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Amino Acids , Biological Dressings , Collagen , Chemistry , Freeze Drying , PolyurethanesABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To obtain information about the quality of scars of healed venous leg ulcers compared with intact skin on the opposite leg by using high-frequency ultrasound.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-eight patients (16 women, 12 men, aged 31 - 89 years) whose venous ulcers had healed and scars formed were included in this study. The echogenicities of scars were measured with a 20 MHz high-frequency ultrasound Dermascan. The thickness of epidermis and dermis was assessed and the number of low echogenic pixels (LEPs) in the papillary dermis and reticular dermis were counted using image analysis software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average epidermal thickness of the scars after 1 week to 20 years of healing was significantly increased compared to those of the control (P < 0.01), whereas the average dermal thickness of scars after healing was significantly decreased compared to the control (P < 0.01). The numbers of LEPs and the distributions of LEPs between scars and controls had no statistically significant differences. There were no correlations among scar echogenicities, age of healed venous ulcers, initial ulcer areas, age of venous ulcers or age of patients. In the control skin samples, the young group aged 31 - 69 years had fewer LEPs than did the elderly group aged 70 - 89 years.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Our study demonstrates that after the healing of venous leg ulcers, there are significant differences in the thickness of the epidermis and dermis, but no significant alterations in water content and distribution in the dermis when compared to the controls.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Age Factors , Cicatrix , Diagnostic Imaging , Skin , Diagnostic Imaging , Time Factors , Ultrasonography , Varicose Ulcer , Diagnostic ImagingABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the proliferative effect of keratinocyte growth factor (KGF-2) on human adult keratinocytes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The standard medium was keratinocyte growth medium without bovine pituitary extract (BPE), hydrocortisone or epidermal growth factor (EGF). Keratinocytes from a 48-year-old subject were cultured and seeded on dishes with standard medium of EGF in cell density of 2 x 10(4)/32 mm(2). After 24 hours, the medium was replaced by the standard medium with 0, 4, 16, 125 and 500 ng/ml KGF-2, respectively. The standard medium with EGF was used as the positive control and the standard medium without EGF or KGF-2 was used as the negative controls. The growth of keratinocytes was monitored by 3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5 dipheyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and by photographs on days 3, 5 and 7, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>KGF-2 in concentrations of 4-500 ng/ml showed a significant proliferative effect on days 5 and 7 as compared with that of the negative controls (P < 0.01). On day 3 the cells were proliferated to 1.5-2.5-fold, on day 5 to 3-5-fold and on day 7 to 3-12-fold in KGF-2 medium as that of the negative controls. The optimal response occurred when the concentration of KGF-2 was 125 ng/ml on day 7. Cell proliferation was also consistently higher in all KGF-2 concentrations as compared with that of the positive controls.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>KGF-2 has significant effects on the proliferation of adult keratinocytes, which are more effective than that of EGF. This study supports KGF-2 can improve the healing of chronic wounds in adults in clinic.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Middle Aged , Analysis of Variance , Cell Division , Physiology , Cells, Cultured , Culture Media, Conditioned , Epidermal Growth Factor , Pharmacology , Fibroblast Growth Factor 7 , Fibroblast Growth Factors , Pharmacology , Keratinocytes , Physiology , Probability , Reference Values , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effective mechanism, time and rational dose of radiotherapy of epileptic rat. Methods To make rat model of epilepsy, and give 0, 24,12 or 6Gy X ray irradiation, and then detect the amino-acid contents in frontal lobe of those rats in 1 hour, 24 hours or 1 week after radiotherapy. Results Glu and GABA are the key amino-acids in radio effection. After 12Gy or 24Gy irradiation there were low Glu, high GABA and low Glu/GABA in frontal lobe of rat. After 1h, 24h and 1 week irradiation, the contents of GABA raised up while the ratio of Glu/GABA declined with a remarkable decline at 24h. Conclusions Radiotherapy to epileptic rat may set off a rapid and enduring change of GABA and Glu transmitters, and 12Gy may be the rational radio dose for epileptic rat.
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Forty patients who underwent sub-total gastrectomy were divided into four groups, one of them for comparison, the other three groups received 10%, 30% and 100% branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) respectively. The results showed that in BCAA-10 and BCAA-3H group, negative balance was partially corrected, but in BCAA-10 group nitrogen remained an obvious negative balance on the 3rd postoperative day. There were more than ten of plasma AA lower than preoperative day in these two groups. In BCAA-30 group, after surgery, negative nitrogen balance was significantly corrected, and changes of plasma AA had no statistic significance compared with that before operation.Creatinine of urine had no significant difference between each group.In BCAA-30 group, transferrin (Tf) was increased compared with that before operation. It is suggested that the protein synthesis is corrected but the catabolism is not restrained.BCAA may play a regulatory role in muscle protein metabolism, BCAA can serve as fuel substrate to promote synthesis and reduce breakdown of muscle protein to correct negative nitrogen balance.Application of large quantities of BCAA should be based on isotonic AA solution.