ABSTRACT
Objective To characterize the biomarkers of urine samples for early diagnosis of colorectal cancer(CRC)using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR)combined with pattern recognition.Methods 400 MHz 1H-NMR was used to test the urine samples obtained from 23 patients with Ⅰ/Ⅱ stage CRC,40 healthy controls (HC)and 18 patients with esophageal cancer (EC). Pattern recognition through orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA)was applied on 1H-NMR data to find urine metabolic differences between CRC and HC.Results OPLS-DA could effectively determine HC,patients withⅠ/Ⅱstage CRC and patients with esophageal cancer.Compared with HC,early stage CRC had significant decreases of choline,isocitric acid,lactamine,phenylalan, cysteine,creatinine,aspartic acid,hippurate acid,methylamine,dimethyl sulfone,and increases of acetoacetate,glutamine,glycocyamine,cis-aconitate, trans-aconitate,homocycteine in the urine samples.Conclusion Urine metabonomics based on NMRIndicates that glucose metabolism,amino acid metabolism,choline metabolism,energy metabolism and intestinal microflora are disturbance in colorectal cancer patients,which provide valuable metabolic information on the molecular level for early diagnosis of colorectal cancer.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the curative effects and side effects of hirudin in treating immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) with hematuria and minimal proteinuria in a short-term. METHODS: Two hundred and sixty-two histologically confirmed cases of IgAN with hematuria and minimal proteinuria from 1998 to 2007 were randomly divided into hirudin-treated group (peroral administration of Maixuekang capsules) and dipyridamole-treated group (peroral administration of dipyridamole). In the two groups, contrast analysis of conformation and counts of erythrocytes in urine, urine protein quantitation in 24 hours, levels of serum creatinine (Scr) and creatinine clearance rate (Ccr), blood lipid, five items of blood clotting and side effects was performed. RESULTS: After six-month treatment, the anisotrophy rate and the counts of erythrocytes in urine, and the urine protein quantitation in 24 hours in hirudin-treated group were decreased distinctly as compared with pre-treatment (P<0.01) and dipyridamole-treated group (P<0.05). On the other hand, Ccr was increased obviously in hirudin-treated group as compared with pre-treatment and dipyridamole-treated group (P<0.01). The blood lipid was also ameliorated in hirudin-treated group, but there was no significant difference. The anticoagulation effect of hirudin was better than dipyridamole (P<0.01). Efficacy assessment showed that the total response rate, complete remission rate and predominance remission rate in hirudin-treated group were higher than those in dipyridamole-treated group. Few side effects were found in both groups, and the rate of adverse reaction in gastrointestinal tract was lower in hirudin-treated group as compared with that in dipyridamole-treated group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Compared with dipyridamole, hirudin has superiority in kidney protection and decreasing the anisotrophy rate, counts of erythrocytes in urine and the urine protein.