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Background@#Despite the persistent relevance of mental health in the lives of Filipinos and the long tradition of mental health care in the Philippines, scholarly works on the history of mental illnesses and mental health institutions, particularly during the colonial period, remain scarce.@*Objective@#This paper aimed to explore the various policies implemented by the American colonial government in the Philippines to address issues regarding insanity from 1903 to 1928. @*Methodology@#As a historical inquiry, the paper employed historical analysis in examining sources of data such as archival documents, official reports, bulletins, and statistics produced by the various offices of the American colonial government in the Philippines. @*Results@#Three specific policies were identified – the establishment of the Insane Department at the San Lazaro Hospital in 1904 as a response to the overcrowding and inadequate treatment methods at the Hospicio de San Jose, the Insane Department's adherence to the principles of moral treatment, and enactment of different laws pertinent to insane persons, most notably the Insanity Law of 1912. @*Conclusion@#The historical narrative shows that these policies had been used by the American colonial government to showcase their alleged benevolence and preserve public order. It was also demonstrated that the colonizers ultimately failed to develop the Insane Department as a modern insane asylum, as indicated by persistent problems such as overcrowding, lack of proper facilities, and outdated treatment methods.
Subject(s)
Mental DisordersABSTRACT
@#Introduction: Hockey is a team sport that involves running, sprinting, and making sudden changes in directions of movement to control a ball against the opposing team. Therefore, due to its nature of fast movement, hockey players may be at risk of various musculoskeletal injuries. This study aimed to identify the prevalence and pattern of musculoskeletal injuries sustained among Malaysian Hockey League players. Materials and Method: Data were collected from 84 field hockey players that participated in the Malaysian Hockey League competition from June 2016 until December 2016. All injuries were recorded by the participating medical team using a structured questionnaire. A descriptive statistical analysis and Chi-Square test were used to explore the prevalence of the injury. Result: More than half of the players were reported to have lower limb injuries (51.6%). Sprain and strain were the most prevalent injuries (63%) and mostly affected the ankle (29%). Male players sustained more injuries (50.8%) compared to female players (49.2%). Conclusion: This study suggests that a guideline is needed for injury prevention strategies that will benefit the hockey players in preventing injuries.
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Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the outcomes of short term inspiratory muscle training (IMT) combined with chest physiotherapy (CP) on lung function, inspiratory muscle strength, exercise tolerance and quality of life of COPD patients. Materials and Methods: This randomized-controlled trial was conducted at the Terendak Armed Forces Hospital, Melaka. Eighteen hospitalized COPD patients (FEV1 50% to = 80% predicted) were randomized into intervention (IG) and control group (CG). The IG received IMT and CP treatments whilst the CG received only CP for a period of 4 weeks. Assessments of lung function (FEV1/FVC), inspiratory muscle strength (PImax), exercise tolerance (6MWT) and quality of life (SGRQ score) were taken at baseline and after 4 weeks. Results: Analysis showed IG group increased in FEV1/FVC by 19.4%, PImax by 54.7%, 6MWT by 33.2% and quality of life by 52.6% (All, p<0.05). The control group increased in FEV1/FVC by 8.7% (p>0.05), PImax by 15% (p<0.05), 6MWT by 18.9% (p<0.05) and quality of life by 15.6% (p<0.05). Conclusion: The present study has established that by combining inspiratory muscle training (IMT) and chest physiotherapy, provides superior effects on lung function, inspiratory muscle strength, exercise tolerance and quality of life among COPD patients.
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Objective: The Objective of this study was to determine the intrarater reliability of chest expansion at three different anatomical landmarks using a cloth tape measure among healthy peoples. Materials and Methods: 120 healthy male and female volunteers were evaluated on two occasions in different days. The measures consisted of chest expansion measurement at axilla, fourth intercostals and xiphoid levels. The measurements were taken in the standing position with the arms hanging sideways at all the three different anatomical landmarks. The test-retest reliability of the measurements was determined by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and standard error of measurements (SEMs). Results: An acceptable reliability was determined by ICC values greater than than 0.85 and SEMs less than 5%. The mean age of the subjects was 21.93 years. ICC of all measures ranged between 0.95 to 0.97 and SEMs were 1.9%, 1.8%, 1.5% at the axillary, fourth intercostals and xiphoid level respectively. Conclusions: The findings of this study suggested that, the cloth tape measurement was reliable at all the three different anatomical landmarks of the chest wall. Therefore, this measurement technique could be used as an outcome measure for chest expansion in the management of cardiorespiratory conditions.
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Introdução: a equipe de saúde ocupacional possui a responsabilidade de exercer o cuidado e a atenção integral de indivíduos infectados pelo HIV, noque diz respeito à saúde bucal, que perpassa desde a assistência até a realização de campanhas informativas e preventivas nas empresas em que prestam serviço. Objetivo: descrever os aspectos preventivos e educativos relacionados à infecção pelo HIV/aids por meio de uma visão da atuação prática da Odontologia do Trabalho através de uma revisão da literatura. Métodos: foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico que utilizou periódicos científicos,livros técnicos, notas técnicas, publicações de organismos nacionais e internacionais (Medline, SciELO e Lilacs no período de 1988 até 2010). Resultados:as atribuições do cirurgião-dentista na odontologia do trabalho perpassam desde a observação e o controle de infecções da cavidade oral, bem como depossíveis manifestações orais provenientes da infecção pelo HIV, além do trabalho de promoção da saúde bucal, até a realização de campanhas informativase preventivas nas empresas em que prestam serviços. Conclusão: a busca pela atualização dos conhecimentos técnico-científicos é prevista por norma regulamentadora e dará ao profissional a segurança necessária para não agir de forma preconceituosa e discriminatória, capacitando-o para a realização deum trabalho educativo junto aos demais componentes do seu ambiente laboral e social, incluindo indivíduos infectados pelo HIV.
Introduction: the occupational health team has the responsibility of taking comprehensive care of individuals infected by HIV in relation to oral health care since that comprehends the informative campaigns and preventive actions in companies that provide service. Objective: to describe the preventive and educational aspects related to HIV/aids through an over view of the performance practice of dentistry labour through the literature review. Methods:we conducted a literature review that used scientific journals, technical books, technical notes, publications, national and international (Medline, SciELO and Lilacs in the period between 1988 to 2010). Results: the tasks of the dentist in dental work permeate the observation and control of infections of theoral cavity, as well as oral manifestations of HIV infection, in addition to efforts to promote oral health, the informative and preventive campaigns in the companies they serve. Conclusion: the search for the updating of technical and scientific knowledge is provided by regulation and professional will secureenough acting not to prejudicial and discriminatory way, enabling him to carry out educational work with the other components of their work environmentand social, including individuals infected by HIV.