ABSTRACT
Objectives: To study the clinical profile andmanagement of Wegener's granulomatosis [WG] with subglottic stenosis [SGS] at a tertiary teaching hospital in Eastern India
Methods: This prospective study incorporated a case series of six patients treated between 2007 and 2015 for WG with SGS. The demographic details of the patients, such as age, sex, clinical presentation, laryngeal endoscopy, imaging, laboratory tests, and medical and surgical options, are described
Results: Of the six patients, five had laryngeal symptoms, such as hoarseness or breathing difficulty, at the time of presentation. There were four female and two male patients ranging in age from 14 to 62 years. The diagnosis of all six patients was confirmed via histopathological examination. Of the six patients, one had isolated subglottic involvement, and four had a positive antineutrophilic cytoplasmic autoantibody [C-ANCA] test on presentation. All of the patients received immunosuppressant and steroid therapies at the time of diagnosis. Five patients required tracheostomy with subglottic dilatation with cold steel instruments followed by the local injection of steroids and mitomycin-C application. Four patients have shown clinical improvement
Conclusion: Although WG is a rare clinical condition, it is often confused with common ailments, which delays diagnosis, and it may involve the subglottis. The subglottis is a vital part of the laryngotracheal airway, and mild obstruction can be life threatening. The accurate and timely diagnosis of WG helps to prevent life-threatening complications, such as SGS
Subject(s)
Adult , Adolescent , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Laryngostenosis , Tertiary Care Centers , Prospective Studies , DemographyABSTRACT
Background: Rotavirus as a causative agent of childhood diarrhea is known to cause serious illness among children less than 5 years of age. This study examined the epidemiology of rotavirus disease burden and diversity of G and P genotypes of rotavirus in Nepal. Methods: Stool samples were tested for rotavirus by Enzyme Immuno Assay and Group A rotaviruses were detected by using both ELISA and RT-PCR in 2718 samples between 2009 and 2011. Results: Rotavirus was more frequently detected among inpatients (28.5%) than outpatients (15.2%). Over the three-year study period, 653 (24.4%) cases were positive for rotavirus by ELISA. Genotyping by RT-PCR was done on 638 samples. The most prevalent genotype was G12P [6] (60.4%). Mixed infections were not uncommon (14% in 2009, 29% in 2010 an 7% in 2011). However, 41 were partially typed and 23 were completely untyped over the study period. Conclusions: This study highlights the rotavirus disease burden and diversity of rotavirus strains circulating in Nepal. Continued sentinel surveillance will provide useful information to policy makers with regard to rotavirus vaccine introduction.
ABSTRACT
In human beings the thyroid gland is one of the largest of the endocrine organs. It is one of the earliest endocrine organs to be differentiated and has an important hormonal role in embryonic development. The importance of thyroid gland is to promote growth and development of the brain during fetal life and for the first few years of post-natal life[1, 2]. The purposes of present study are 1)to study the microscopic structure of the human thyroid in different gestational age groups of normal stillborn foetuses; 2) to correlate the size of thyroid follicles; the nature and amount of colloid content of thyroid follicles at different stages of development. The study was carried out on 50 stillborn normal human foetuses. The microscopic structure of thyroid was studied under light microscope. The study concluded the developmental staging of thyroid as: the precolloid stage; the colloid formation stage; the folliculogenesis stage; secretory activity stage.