Unusual umbilical cord finding in a neonate

Umbilical cord cyst refers to any cystic lesion that are associated with the umbilical cord. They are classified as true cysts or pseudocysts. True cysts are small remnants of the allantois, whereas false cysts originate from liquefaction of Wharton Jelly. In present case, cyst was diagnosed at birth without any associated congenital anomalies and resolved spontaneously within a few days requiring nil surgical intervention. Umbilical cord cysts deserve special attention since 20% of them, regardless of type, are associated with structural or chromosomal anomalies. Because of this, fetal karyotyping and amniocentesis should be considered when cysts persist beyond the first trimester.

Morphological And Morphometric Study Of Mitral Valve With Reference To Anatomical Variability In South Indian Subjects

Background:The mitral valve (MV) is a complex structure that is altered in various disease status. Mitral valveclosure prevents systolic backflow of blood from the left ventricle into atrium, which depends on the co-ordinatedaction of left atrium, mitral valve leaflets, annulus, chordae, papillary muscles and the left ventricular wall.Alteration in the structure and function of any of these elements lead to mitral valve incompetence.Purpose of the study: The aim of the study was to determine the morphological and the morphometric variationsof mitral valve. The present study has classified mitral valve based on the number of mitral valve leaflets/cuspsand also measured the size and area of mitral orifice and mitral annulus circumference.Methods:Present study included 50 human hearts from the cadavers in the department of Anatomy at PondicherryInstitute of Medical Sciences. Circumference, annular diameter, area of the valve, height of the anterior leafletand height of the posterior leaflet was measured.Results:In this study annular circumference ranged between 6.8 to11.5 cm and 64% of the circumference rangedbetween 8.1 to 10 cm. Annular diameter ranged between 2 to 3.6 cm and 58% of diameter ranged between 2.6 to3 cm.Height of the anterior leaflet ranged between 1 to 2.5 cm and 54% ranged between 1.6 to 2 cm. Height of theposterior leaflet ranged between 0.5 to 1.5 cm and 70% ranged between0.5to 1cm.Conclusion:Although the most commonly described mitral valve is bicuspid, in the present study 3 cusps werefound in 4% of the specimens. Improper cusp approximation may cause cardio vascular problems. Morphometricmeasurements of the mitral valve will help in finding the correct size of the prosthesis for the valve replacementwhich will accurately fix in the valve orifice.