[Prevalence of Mandibulur Retromolar Canal on Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scans]

Background. and Aim: The retromolar canal is an anatomical structure of the mandible and a type of bifid inferior alveolar canal. The retromolar canal might conduct accessory innervation to the mandibular molars or contain an aberrant buccal nerve; thus, this canal is of clinical significance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevaleirce of retromolar canal on cone-beam computed tomography [CBCT] scans.

Materiols and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 151 retromolar canalsin 102 patients [102 unilateral and 49 bilateral] with third molar teethrequiring CBCT were evaluated. The scans were evaluated for presence of the retromolar canal and linear measurements [distance to second molar, height and width] were made. The data were analyzedby independent t-test and chi square test.

Resultsz The prevalence of retromolar canal was 7 .3% [n=11].With regard to linear measurements, the mean distance from the retromolar canal to the second molar was 12.76 +/- 4.3mm. The mean height of the canal was 6.66 +/- 2.18mm, and the'mean width was 1.7 +/- 0.6mm. The presence of retromolar canal was not statistically correlated withsex, side of the jaw or age [P:0.146].

Conclusion: The prevalence of retromolar canal on CBCT scans was 7.3%.

[A survey of critical care nurses' perceptions of barriers to research utilization, and its relation to some demographic variables]

Introduction: To bridge the gap between scientific evidence and patient care, an in-depth understanding of the barriers is needed. The purpose of this study was to identify barriers of research utilization from the point of view of Zanjan registered and critical care unit's nurses

Methods: Data were collected using the Funk s Evidence Based Practice Barriers Scale. Based on statistics formula sample of study was 64 graduate nurses employed in critical care units of Zanjan Educational Hospitals. Descriptive and inferential statistics [Friedman, Kruskal-wallis, Mann-Whitney U-test] were employed to analyze the data

Results: According to the research results, the first three main barriers to research utilization identified by the respondents were: "Insufficient facilities", "Lack of time to read research", and "Insufficient time on the job to implement new ideas". Nevertheless, no statistically significant difference was found between the demographic variables such as sex, work years, level of education, and position, based on the general scale means

Conclusion: It is highly recommended that the educational hospitals systems need to change for preparation nurses with sufficient facilities and time to read and implement new finding

[Comparison of critical thinking skills and dispositions between the nursing students and clinical nurses of selected educational hospitals of Zanjan university of medical sciences]

The need for critical thinking in nursing has been accentuated in response to a rapidly changing health-care environment. Nurses must think critically to provide effective care while coping with the expansion in their role associated with the complexities of current health care systems. The aim of the study was to compare the critical thinking skills and critical thinking dispositions between the nursing students and clinical nurses of some selected educational hospitals of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences [ZUMS]. This descriptive study was performed on 50 nursing student and 50 clinical nurses from some selected ZUMS educational hospitals through convenient sampling. The main study tools were the California critical thinking Skills Test [CCTST] and California critical thinking Dispositon Inventory [CCTDI]. The data was analyzed by SPSS 16 software using the t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient. The mean scores of the critical thinking skills for the nursing students vs. clinical nurses were 9.02 and 12.68, respectively, and the t-tests showed a significant difference between the two groups [P=0.002]. By contrast, there was no significant difference in the mean critical thinking Dispositons scores [P=0.47]. There was also not a significant relationship between the critical thinking skills and critical thinking dispositions scores in two groups [r=0.071]. Conclusions: It seems that neither the critical thinking skills nor dispositions scores are desirable. Therefore, it seems necessary to consider a revision of the teaching strategy for promoting critical thinking skills in nursing plans

Prevalence of depression in personnel of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences

Depression has been assumed as a prevalent disorder of the era. Depression cannot be attributed to a particular social class. Factors such as incompatible situations may lead to mental disorders and affect physical immunity. This study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of depression among the staff of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences. This study was of cross-sectional type study whereby 693 subjects were selected through classified randomized sampling. The rate of depression incidence was obtained using Standard Beck Questionnaires. The data was analyzed by Chi-2 tests and cohesion indexes of Kramer and Gama were also used. According to the results of this study 40% of the personnel were suffering from depression. They were identified as 23% with low depression, 13% with moderate depression, and 4% with severe depression. A significant correlation was found between depression and education level, type of settlement, and city where they worked. Regarding the widespread prevalence of depression among the staff, planning and organization of consultation sessions by the authorities is suggested

[Prevalence of depression in personnel of Zanjan university of medical sciences]

Depression has been assumed as a prevalent disorder of the era. Depression cannot be attributed to a particular social class. Factors such as incompatible situations may lead to mental disorders and affect physical immunity. This study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of depression among the staff of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences. This study was of cross-sectional type study whereby 693 subjects were selected through classified randomized sampling. The rate of depression incidence was obtained using Standard Beck Questionnaires. The data was analyzed by Chi-2 tests and cohesion indexes of Kramer and Gama were also used. According to the results of this study 40% of the personnel were suffering from depression. They were identified as 23% with low depression, 13% with moderate depression, and 4% with severe depression. A significant correlation was found between depression and education level, type of settlement, and city where they worked. Regarding the widespread prevalence of depression among the staff, planning and organization of consultation sessions by the authorities is suggested

[Nurses' perceptions of barriers to nursing research utilization in clinical environment in Zanjan hospitals, 2010]

Nursing research plays an outstanding role in the quality of care. One strategy to put the research into practice and change current practice is to identify barriers and then implement tailored interventions to reduce them. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to describe Registered Nurses perceptions of barriers to utilization of research results at University affiliated and educational hospitals of Zanjan, Iran. In this cross-sectional study data were collected using the Funk.s Evidence Based Practice Barriers Scale. Sample of the study consisted of 170 graduate nurses employed in Zanjan Educational Hospitals. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to analyze the data According to the research results, the first three important barriers were insufficient facilities [65.3%], lack of time to read research results [64.7%], and insufficient time on the job to implement new ideas [62.4%]. However, perceptions of barriers to research utilization did not show a significant difference based on demographic variables of the nursing staff. It is highly recommended that the Zanjan hospitals education styles should be modified in order to provide the nurses with sufficient facilities and time to read and implement recent research findings

Senior nursing students skills in patients health assessment in Zanjan university of medical sciences

Assessing patients' health is the base of nursing process. Also finding patients' problems is necessary for designing care plan by nurses and nursing students. This study was performed to determine the proficiency level of senior nursing students in assessing patients' health in Zanjan University of Medical Sciences in the year 2005. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, all senior nursing students of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences [44 students] were studied. The data gathering tools included a questionnaire consisted of demographic data, which was filled by the samples and an observational checklist which was completed by researchers while observing students' performance in assessing patients' health status. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics methods, independent t-test, and one-way AN OVA by SPSS software. Twenty point four percent of students had a poor performance in assessing patients' health, 68.2% of them achieved moderate score, and only 11.4% were proficient in assessing patients' health. Most senior nursing students were not skillful enough in assessing health status. The collaboration of administrators of nursing in ministry of health and medical education, hospitals, nursing schools and instructors in order to make appropriate planning for this problem seems necessary

[Survey of social and environmental factors related to the relapse of addiction in volunteer addicted individuals in welfare organization of Zanjan]

Opioid addiction is a major social problem among all societies worldwide. According to official reports there are about 1,200,000 chronic addicts and 800,000 recreational consumers throughout the country. One of the perplexing problems regarding addiction is its relapse since 50% of rehabilitated Iranian addicts tend to reconsumption. The aim of this study is to determine the social and environmental factors related to the relapse of opioid addiction. In this descriptive study 96 volunteer male addicts referring to rehabilitation center of welfare organization were selected through convenient sampling. The survey tool was the questionnaire whose validity and reliability had bean confirmed before the application. Data collecting wa carried out by two trained experts through structured interview within three months. The data was analysed using SPSS -Win software. The results showed that the mean age of research population was 34.66 +/- 8.52. All study cases had experienced at least one attempt to quit drug use. The investigation regarding the career factor showed that they believed lack of permanent job [51%], exhausting work conditions [42.7%], failure in career achievement [41.7%] were the leading factors in relapse of opioids substance use. The addicts reported their viewpoints regarding the other factors as follows: cost of living burden [53.1%], educational factors [poor literacy skills [33.3%], and illiteracy [19.8%]. Among familial factors in singles, lack of appropriate family relations [43.7%], and in married addicts, marital discord [22.5%], and lack of proper interaction among family members [21.2%] were the major factors. Regarding the social factors convenient availability of opioids substance [85.4%], common use of opioids in public [80.2%], and association with addicted friends [70.8%] were the leading factors. The study results indicated that among investigated factors, social, occupational and economic factors rank the most important factors in relapse of opioid addiction. Accordingly, a few recommendations have been given

[Investigation of oral and dental-care procedures in high school students of Zanjan province - 2005]

Regarding the high prevalence of dental caries and its individual complications and the reports concerning the effects of healthy behavior on oral and dental hygiene, this study was carried out with the aim of investigation of different oral and dental-care procedures among adolescent population of Zanjan province during the academic year 2004-2005. This descriptive study was performed on 1500 high school students through multi-stage cluster random sampling. The study tool was researcher-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability had been confirmed through content validity and repeated test respectively. Descriptive statistics and chi [2] test were used to determine the difference among groups [based on a number of demographic features]. The most common dental-care procedure among the students was brushing [89.7%] and statistical tests showed a significant difference in terms of gender [P=0.001], different educational levels [P=0.04], different schools [P=0.02] and different school areas [P=0.001]. The only common dental-care procedure used by the province adolescents was brushing. Hence, planning for various oral and dental-care procedures in adolescent population is highly recommended