[Effect of eight weeks of aerobic and progressive exercises on changes of estrogen hormone and effective factors on bone mass in menopaused sedentary women]

The purpose of this research was to study the effect of eight weeks of aerobic and progressive exercises on blood estrogen and other factors affecting bone density in postmenopausal women. Twenty postmenopausal women, with average of age and height and weight of 51/05 +/- 0/22yr, 164/5 +/- 1/09cm and 67/30 +/- 0/85 kg respectively, who had no regular daily physical activity, voluntarily participated in the study. Subjects were randomly divided into two the experimental and the control, groups. Experimental group exercises included eight-weeks of aerobic interval running three sessions per week, with progressive intensity and time. Blood and urine samples were taken before starting the exercise period, to calculate levels of estrogen, calcitonin, paratormon hormones, calcium and phosphorus from the former, and levels of calcium and phosphorus from the lather. Eight weeks of progressive and aerobic exercises caused a significant change in the amount of estrogen [17.6 +/- 4.22 to 27.9 +/- 8.64], parathormon [20.8 +/- 3.58 to 19.2 +/- 1.98] hormones, blood calcium [9.44 +/- 0.24 to 8.8 +/- 0.71], phosphorus [3.87 +/- 0.38 to 4.23 +/- 0.25] and urine phosphorus [61.22 +/- 4.43 to 42.16 +/- 10.06], whereas no significant change was seen in the amount of calcitonin hormone [3.94 +/- 3.36 to 4.84 +/- 1.96] and urine calcium [9.74 +/- 0.68 to 9.35 +/- 1.30]. Based on the results, it seems that long progressive physical exercises, especially weight bearing ones, can be effective in increasing the estrogen level, thereby preventing ostheoprothesis, and also preserving bone salts [calcium and blood phosphorus], by causing hormonal changes effective on these salts[calcitonin and parathormone]

[Effects of resistance exercise intensity on adipokines and insulin resistance index]

Adipose tissue secretes multiple proteins known as adipokines that modulate various biological functions. The present study was designed to determine the effect of resistance exercise intensity on leptin, adiponectin and the insulin resistance index in young healthy men. Fifteen healthy male subjects [Mean +/- SD; age 26.2 +/- 4.1 years; weight 75 +/- 9.1 kg; height 174 +/- 7.0 cm] voluntarily participated in the study. After two familiarization sessions and determining of maximal strength, all subjects completed three resistance exercise trials at an intensity corresponding to 30%, 55%, and 80% of 1-RM randomly. The three resistance exercise protocols included the performance of 1] 3 sets of 20 repetitions at 30% of 1-RM, 2] 3 sets of 11 equated for volume and one minute rest was allowed between exercises and sets. Two blood samples were obtained before exercise and immediately after exercise and analyzed for leptin, adiponectin, plasma insulin and glucose. To determine the effect of resistance exercise intensity, data were analyzed using two-way repeated measures of ANOVA. Data analysis revealed that resistance exercise increase adiponectin [F1, 12=47.2], insulin [F1, 11=19.7], glucose [F1,13=9.6], concentrations and the insulin resistance index, while reducing the leptin concentration [F1,12=31.1] significantly. However, resistance exercise intensity had no significant effect on any of the above variables [P>0.05] except for leptin concentration [F2,24=5.5, P=0.01]. Based on the findings of the present study it could be concluded that resistance exercise induces significant changes in adipokines and insulin resistance index but when the resistance exercise volume is equal, except for changes in leptin, these changes are not related to the intensity of exercise

effects of a single session of aerobic activity and sauna on serum aldostrone concentration: a comparison

Aldostrone is the most physiologically important mineralocorticoid released from the adrenal cortex. The basic function of this hormone is increasing sodium and chloride reabsorption and potassium secretion in the distal tubules of the kidneys and the secretional ducts of sweat glands. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of one session aerobic activity and sauna on serum aldostrone hormone concentration. Subjects were 15 football players of Shaheed Beheshti University, who had had at least 3 weekly sessions of physical activity regularly for 6 weeks. Blood samples were taken before and after aerobic activity and sauna. The data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation for statistical description, and dependent t-test for inferential analysis of data. The subject's vo2max mean was 47 +/- 4.41ml/Kg/min which is considered average. The results showed that a single session of physical activity significantly increased serum aldostrone concentration [p<0.05]. A single session in the sauna also was significantly increased serum aldostrone concentration [p<0.05]. However, there was no meaningful difference between variations of serum aldostrone concentration following aerobic activity and sauna [p>0.05]. Aldostrone concentration increased, with training and repeated heat exposure

Fat necrosis and why the classic abdominoplasty should be avoided in obese patients

Major fat necrosis [more than 5 cm] is a complication rarely reported following abdominoplasty though it may be frequently seen in patients with wound dehiscence and cutaneous necrosis. In this paper, the authors report 12 cases of abdominoplasty with post-operative wound dehiscence who needed secondary skin grafting to close the wound. A review of these cases showed that extensive subcutaneous fat necrosis was a prominent feature and all the patients were obese. It appears that obese individuals are prone to develop fat necrosis postoperatively in cases where the classic abdominoplasty is used. It is important that patients reduce their weight preoperatively and avoid considering abdominoplasty as a form of weight reduction. Fat necrosis, its occurrence and the various factors that could have contributed to major wound dehiscence in these patients are discussed. The authors caution surgeons against the use of the classic abdominoplasty procedure in obese patients and s t ress minimal undermining and the use of limited dermolipectomy or apronectomy along with judicious liposuction to avoid this complication of fat necrosis

Burn septicaemia in Kuwait: associated demographic and clinical factors

To study the demographic and clinical factors associated with burn septicaemia patients in Kuwait. Materials and All burn in-patients, who developed septicaemia at the Burns Unit, Al-Babtain Centre for Burns and Plastic Surgery, Kuwait, during a 9-year period [June 1992 to May 2001] were included in the study. The data were recorded for age, sex, nationality, cause and percentage of burns, inhalation injury, resuscitation, number of episodes, septicaemia on post-burn day, the microorganisms responsible in each episode, treatment and outcome for statistical analysis. Using SPSS [PC version 11.0] software, a probability level of p < 0.05 was considered significant. Of the 2,082 patients treated in the Burns Unit, 166 [8%; 99 [60%] males and 67 [40%] females] with a mean age of 26 years [range 1-70] had septicaemia. Significantly higher [p < 0.001] cases were recorded among Kuwaiti children [

Perinatal mortality in ministry of health hospitals - Bahrain, 1985 and 1996

The study aims at comparing the perinatal mortality rates of Bahrain in 1985 and in 1996 for significance and trends, and to put forward suggestions for improvement. This is a retrospective descriptive study of vital statistics pertinent to perinatal mortality for the year 1985 and the year 1996 of Ministry of Health [MOH] hospitals, Bahrain. Perinatal mortality rate was 19.7 and 16.6 per 1000 total births for 1985 and 1996 respectively. Hyaline membrane disease contributed to 27% of neonatal deaths. There is a significant improvement the cause of 45.9% of early neonatal deaths. There is a significant improvement in perinatal mortality rate and survival of preterm babies with hyaline membrane disease. A national plan that aims at defining guidelines related to fetal viability, rescue and care of extremely preterm babies would likely result in further improvement in perinatal care in Bahrain

Parotid duct injuries: report of two cases

Parotid duct injury, although uncommon, can result from either sharp or blunt facial trauma. The treatment varies with the anatomical location and the type of the injury. Early recognition is the key to successful treatment. Two cases of such an injury are reported and the treatment plan is discussed