[Hepatic varcinoid-like in dogs: report of one case with immunohistochemical description]

Neuroendocrine cells are of the peptide and amine secreting cells and because of endodermal origin, exist in respiratory and gastrointestinal system. The report confirms the presence of a tumor using immunohistochemical methods. A hepatic mass was detected in a 10-year-old male mixed-breed dog which was referred with clinical history of frequent vomiting, anorexia, lethargy and syncope. Biochemical and hematological abnormalities included elevation of ALT and AST levels, leukocytosis and anemia. Radiographically the large hepatic mass and multifocal metastatic nodular areas in the other organs were observed. At necropsy the liver had a multilobulated firm mass involving whole caudate lobe of the liver. On the cut section, the tumor was grey sanguineous with hemorrhagic surface and numerous necrotic foci. Microscopically, there were unencapsulated, highly cellular neoplastic proliferations with few hemorrhagic foci in the liver that had a trabecular pattern to Rosette formation which were separated by a fibrovascularstroma. The neoplastic cells were round to oval, with granular eosinophilic cytoplasm and hyperchromatic nuclei. Metastases were observed in lungs, kidneys, mesenteric lymph nodes and even in the arteries of the tunica albuginae of the testes. Immunohistochemically, neoplastic cells were immunoreactive for NSE and S100 protein. They were negative for CEA, Chromogranine A, CD34, AE1/AE3, CK20 and Hepatic Antigen [HA]. Negative CEA, CK20, CD34 and HA disproved the probability for collangiocarcinoma, metastatic carcinoma, hematopoietic and vascular origin and hepatocellular carcinoma of this tumor respectively. Immunohistochemical demonstration of NSE and S100 protein supported the diagnosis of the Carcinoid like. However, negative reaction for Chromogranine A does not disprove neuroendocrine carcinoma diagnosis

[Survey of effective factors on nursing graduated motivation to participate in job training programs in affiliated baqiyatallah university hospitals]

One of the useful and cost-saving methods in promotion and coordination of nursing profession with improvement resulted from technology social and medical science is the in- service training, to participate of medical centers staff in the course depend on a variety of motivational factors. This study intend to determine the factors related to nurses motivation in participating the program of in service training. In a descriptive study, 229 nurses chose their motivation factors in participation in the in service training through completion of standard 27-qusestion-questionnaire with the likert scale about domains of personal, organizational, professional factors and factors related to periodical programming. About factors involved in nurses motivation for participating in the in service training, they select professional [85.2%], personal [79%], programming [30.6%] and organizational [30.6%] factors for participating in the in service training. The significant relationship were observed between organizational factors and sex [P<0.001] and workplace [P<0.005], between professional factors and the type of employment [p<0.004], and between program factors and sex [P<0.004], and type of employment nurses [p<0.002]. Most of motivation factors to participation of nurses in the in service training is personal and professional factors. Therefore it is necessary that health care organizations consider other organizational related factors. This study is the first study in military hospitals therefore the results could be useful for other military medical centers

[Comparison of effect of chlroquine and placebo on blood sugar of patient with uncontrolled type ii diabetes mellitus]

Diabetes mellitus as a most common metabolic disorder of human has a progressive prevalence that in this disease hyperglycemia from different causes produces several chronic complications in multiple organs by different mechanism. Normoglycemia is the way of prevention of complication that can induce by treatment with oral hypoglycemic agent [O.H.A] or insulin. In type II diabetes the patient treated with O.H.A the failure of treatment is important problem that maybe primary or secondary. Resolving of this problem is changing the treatment to insulin therapy. Before this changing we can add some accessory drug to O.H.A regimen for better controlling of blood sugar. One of these drugs is Chlroquine. In this study we decided to evaluate the effect of Chlroquine on level of blood sugar of DM II. During one year 55 patient in 2 groups as case [25 patients] and control [29 patients] treated with Chlroquine and placebo for 3 months. At first point and end of first, second and third month of study we measured the fasting blood sugar [FBS] and two hours post prandial blood sugar [2hppBS] and evaluate the change of FBS and 2hppBS in each group and between of two groups. The mean age of the case and control group are 53/53 +/- 6/44 and 53/58 +/- 7/83 and mean BMI of two groups are 26/25 +/- 3/6 and 24/95 +/- 3/25. Mean duration of disease of two groups are 7 +/- 4/68 and 6/44 +/- 5/3. Those two groups of patients for these parameters and also for basic FBS and 2hppBS are statistically equal. At the end of three months of study FBS and 2hppBS in each group significantly decreased [P < 0/001]. But this different between two groups are not significant [P-0/661 for FBS and P=0/782 for 2hppBS]. But in the end of the first and second months FBS in case group is significantly lower from control group [P=0/006 for first month and P=0/05 for second one]. Although in other studies that done Chlroquine has reported effective in decreasing of blood sugar of patient with DM type II, but in this study has not approved Reasons of this difference maybe because of different of duration of study or use of hydroxychlroquine instead of Chlroquine or don't being of control group in pervious study