ABSTRACT
A 40 kg crossbred calf of one month age was presented to the Institute Referral Polyclinic, with a history of dysuria, stranguria along with a fluctuant swelling in the mid-perineal region. On physical examination, a diverticulum was observed which on aspiration revealed urine. It was reported that urine outflow was from a tiny orifice at the proposed natural site of the vulva. Dissection of the skin over the diverticulum revealed hypoplastic penis with adhesion of the preputeal sheath along with penile hypospadia. Permanent perineal urethrostomy and diverticulectomy was performed in the region of the defect. The urethral layer was sutured along with the skin using 1-0 Polyamide sutures in a simple interrupted pattern. No postoperative complication was reported till one year of surgery and animal was urinating properly
ABSTRACT
The study of cerebral perfusion by SPECT scanning using technetium-ethylene cysteine dimer [[99m] Tc-ECD] with dedicated brain radiotracers was performed in 28 patients, before and after shunt operation to predict the influence of various parameters with the increase in regional cerebral blood flow [rCBF]. Preoperative ventricle size was assessed according to the "Evan's criteria' and pre and post shunt SPECT images were compared qualitatively, based on colour coding to assess the rCBF in the area of interest. Eighteen patients were from paediatric age group and 10 were adults. Eleven patients were having congenital hydrocephalus and 13 patients with tumours. Moderate ventirculomegaly was observed in 20 [90.4%] patients with decreased ventricle size, as compared to 3 out of 7 [43%] patients whose ventricle size remained unchanged following VP shunt. The overall improvement in cerebral perfusion was observed in 22 [78.5%] patients. The important predictors of improvement in perfusion were duration of symptoms and decreased ventricle size in postoperative CT scanning, following VP shunt