ABSTRACT
Background: There is limited data available about the effectiveness of thrombolysis in prosthetic valve thrombosis (PVT). Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of thrombolytic treatment in PVT patients.Methods: This was an observational study conducted at a tertiary-care centre in India between March 2013 and April 2014. Total of 56 patients with either recurrent PVT or with confirmed left-sided PVT was included in the study. Thrombolytic therapy was administered as an intravenous infusion of streptokinase or urokinase, initially at a loading dose of 2.5L IU/hour over 30 minutes, followed by 1L IU/hour for 48–78 hours depending upon the clinical and 2D-Echo observation. Primary endpoint was considered as the occurrence of a complete clinical response. Secondary endpoint was considered as a composite of death, major bleeding or embolic stroke.Results: Mean age of the patients was 37±13 years. Most of the patients presented with NYHA-II (51.7%), III (39.2%), and IV (8.9%) symptoms. Mitral and aortic valve thrombosis were observed in 40(71.4%) and 11(28.6%) patients. Forty-nine (73.3%) patients were treated with streptokinase. Whereas, rethrombosis patients were treated with urokinase [6(16%)] and tenecteplase [1(1.3%)]. Two (3.6%) patients died, 1(1.8%), 1(1.8%), 2(3.6%), and 1(1.8%) patient had peripheral embolism, central nervous system bleeding, stroke, and embolic complications.Conclusions: Thrombolytic therapy can be used as the first-line treatment for thrombolysis in PVT patients. All PVT patients can be treated with streptokinase unless specific contraindications exist. Urokinase or tenecteplase is an alternative thrombolytic agent in rethrombosis patients.
ABSTRACT
Background: Having a healthy behavior and physiology is impossible without normal sleep pattern. Between the ages 18 and 25, people are prone to sleep disturbances. College life, which mostly occurs during this ages also affects the sleep pattern.Methods: This is a descriptive cross sectional study conducted among MBBS students of Stanley Medical College during august to September 2009. About 300 students were randomly selected using table of random numbers. Data was collected using a questionnaire and entered in SPSS version 16 software. Analysis was done using chi-square test. P value of less than 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.Results: Prevalence of insomnia is found to be 37% and is significantly higher among males. Disturbed sleep is higher among males.Conclusions: Prevalence of insomnia is 37% and is significantly higher among males. About 26.3% of the participants had disturbed sleep
ABSTRACT
Background: Adverse health outcomes are associated with ingestion of unsafe water and poor personal hygiene. Approximately 3.1% of deaths (1.7 million) and 3.7% of DALYs (54.2 million) worldwide are attributable to unsafe water, poor sanitation and poor personal hygiene. Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted among students of Central Agricultural University, Imphal during the period of 18/3/2014 to 4/4/2014. Data was collected by a self-administered questionnaire. Data entry and analysis was done using IBM SPSS version-21. Results: About 85.5% of the respondents knew correctly the meaning of personal hygiene. Nearly half of the respondents said that diarrhea can be prevented by maintaining good personal hygiene but only 5.8% of the respondents said that skin diseases can be prevented. Out of the 7 steps of proper hand washing, only 2 steps were known to the respondents. About 56.5% of the respondents knew the meaning of water borne diseases. Diarrhea was the most common water borne disease known to majority (63.5%) of the respondents. Only 34.4% of the respondents had the habit of washing hands after work and only 9.4% of the respondents washed their hands after playing. Conclusions: It is recommended to conduct further studies to assess their personal hygiene practices in detail and demonstrate them proper hand washing and hygiene practices.