ABSTRACT
Considering the increasing significance of diseases due to NTM all over the world, we investigated the burden of such diseases in our region. The aim of this study was to assess NTM prevalence from different clinical samples during a period of 8 years in Massih Daneshvari Hospital, in Iran. This descriptive study was performed on 8322 samples obtained from pulmonary TB patients in Mycobacteriology Research Center from 2004 -2012. Using Tb1 and Tb2 primers, a 190 bp fragment of IS6110 gene was amplified in order to identify Mycobacterium species. Specimens with negative IS6110 PCR results were analyzed with PCR-RFLP using hsp65 gene, for NTM investigation. Out of 8322 samples, we identified 124 [1.5%] strains of NTM. The mean age of the patients was 57 +/- 18/9 years [age range: 7 - 88 years]. 55/6% of the patients were male. The most common species detected in our study were Mycobacterium simiae [44.3%], Mycobacterium chelonae [16.9%] and Mycobacterium kansasii [12.9%]. We found a high prevalence rate of Mycobacterium simiae among our patients. Treatment protocols for NTM are different from the protocols for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, so early diagnosis of these species will be of great importance
ABSTRACT
Introduction: considering the surface water resource is one of the main potable water supplies and the application of chlorine as one of the main disinfectant drinking water has increased the rate or Disinfection by Products [DBPs] formation. One of the main group of DBPs are THMs compounds that the studies showed they have the potential of increasing the rate of kidney, liver adverse effects and are carcinogen compounds
Objective: survey the THMs concentration in Lahijan drinking water and relation between THMs formation with temperature, pH, free residual chlorine and Total Organic Carbon [TOC]. Materials and Methods: In this study, five locations in four steps were selected for sampling; two points in Sanger water treatment plant [SWTP] include: raw water and treated water and three points in Lahijan distribution system include: before and after of chlorination unit and in termination of distributed water, where samples collected in winter [9 samples] and summer [7 sample] and then analyzed by the GC set with EC detector
Results: this study show that the THMs concentration in raw water and treated water in SVTP was normal and THMs concentration in treated water was less lhm1 raw water that showed effective efficiency of treatment plant units. THMs concentration in before of chlorination unit was normal mid in after or this unit and termination of distributed water was more than US.EPA standard. This study showed a positive relation between THMs formation with temperature, pH, free residual chlorine and TOC. Minimum and maximum concentration of THMs compound was seen in treated water of SWTP and in tcrmim11ion of Lahijan distributed water, respectively, that show the relation between exposure time and DBPs formation
Conclusion: regarding to high statistic of digestive cancers in Guilan, epidemiological studies showed effective agents about this cancers including: genetic agents and usage of sail]' foods. But, high concentration of THMs in total samples in Lahijan distributed water could be an effective agent in increase of statistic digestive cancers in Lahijan