ABSTRACT
Introduction: Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a dental anomaly that causes defects in enamel with no evident association of systemic disease. Presentation of Case: This clinical report describes the oral rehabilitation of a 24-year-old woman diagnosed as having hypoplastic type of amelogenesis imperfecta along with palatally positioned maxillary lateral incisors. The aim of the treatment was to eradicate dental sensitivity, to correct of maxillary anterior malocclusion, and to restore esthetics and masticatory function. The treatment included removal of maxillary lateral incisors and placement of metal-ceramic fixed bridge dentures, as well as placement of all ceramic, metal-ceramic and full metal crowns for other affected teeth. Discussion: Interdisciplinary approach of the management of AI is necessary. Depending on the type and severity of the disorder, esthetic and functional concerns, prosthetic management of anterior teeth, like complete crowns, porcelain laminate veneers are the best options. For many years the most predictable and durable esthetic restoration of anterior teeth has been complete crowns. Conclusion: Porcelain bonded to metal fixed bridge partial dentures and full ceramic, porcelain bonded to metal and full metal crowns to correct the malocclusion and aesthetic problem, to eradicate sensitivity and to restore the masticatory function in this case was satisfactory.
ABSTRACT
Uncuffed endotracheal tubes are still being recommended by most pediatric anesthetists at our institutes. Different algorithms and formulae have been proposed to choose the best-fitting size of the tracheal tube. The most widely accepted is related to the age of the child [inner diameter [ID] in mm= [age in yr/4] +4; the second is a body, length-related formula [ID in mm=2 + height in cm/30]; the third, a multivariate formula [ID in mm=2.44 + age in yr x 0.1 + height in cm x 0.02 + weight in kg x 0.016] [5]; the fourth, the width of the 5[th] fingernail is used for ID prediction of the ETT [ID in mm = maximum width of the 5[th] fingernail]. The primary endpoint of this prospective study was to compare the size of the 'best fit' tracheal tube with the size predicted using each of the above mentioned formulae. With Institutional Ethics Committee approval and parental consent, 27 boys, 23 girls, ASA I-III, 2-10 years, scheduled for different surgical procedures requiring general anesthesia and endotracheal intubation, were enrolled in the study. The size of 'best fit' endotracheal tubes in those children were compared. The internal diameter considered the 'best fit' by the attending pediatric anesthesiologist was compared to age-based, length-based, multivariate-based and 5[th] fingernail width-based formulae. For all test, P<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. The mean [SD] IDs for the 'best fit', age-based, length-based, multivariate and 5[th] fingernail techniques were 5.31 [0.691], 5.54 [0.622], 5.82 [0.572], 5.71 [0.67] and 5.43 [0.821] mm, respectively. The age-based and 5[th] fingernail width-based predictions of ETT size are more accurate than length-based and multivariate-based formulae in terms of mean value and case matching