ABSTRACT
Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) in women are a common problem in primary health care settings. Resistance of bacterial uropathogens to commonly used antibiotics is common in many places. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of UTI; associated uropathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility. Methods: A cross section study carried out at Mulago hospital outpatients' department. Midstream urine samples (MSU) were collected from 399 women; who gave informed consent and fulfilled other study criteria. Quantitative culture method; identification of uropathogens and antibiotic susceptibility testing using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique were applied to the isolates. Results: Out of 399 MSU samples; 40 pure significant bacterial growths (105 colony forming units (cfu)/ml of urine) were isolated and these included Escherichia coli; 23 (57.5); Staphylococcus aureus; 9 (22.5); Enterococci spp; 6 (15) and Klebsiella pneumoniae; 2 (5.0). Overall; sensitivities were: nitrofurantoin (98.3); cefuroxime (89.3); and cotrimoxazole (20) by all uropathogens isolated. Conclusions: Culture positive UTI among adult non-pregnant women are a common problem; occurring in 10of the study population. Most bacterial uropathogens showed high sensitivity to nitrofurantoin but low sensitivity to SXT. Recommendations: Nitrofurantoin should be considered as drug of choice for empirical treatment of community acquired uncomplicated UTI in adult non-pregnant women
Subject(s)
Adult , Bacteriuria , Prevalence , WomenABSTRACT
Introduction: Worldwide use of intravascular catheters (IVC) has been associated with both local and systemic infections. No studies have been done in the sub-Saharan region on IVC related infections. Objective: To determine the prevalence; causative organisms and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and the factors associated with infections related to short term peripheral venous catheters in children admitted to the general paediatric wards in Mulago Hospital; Uganda. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 391 children aged one day to 12 years; on Jelliffe ward in Mulago Hospital; who had short peripheral venous intravascular catheters uncoated with no antibiotic or antiseptic; was done. Social demographic characteristics; anthropometry; clinical examination including the catheter site were determined at enrollment. The children had their blood; catheter tip and hub samples taken off for culture and sensitivity as well as complete blood counts. The data collected was entered using EPIINFO and analysed with SPSS packages. Results: Out of the 391 short term peripheral venous catheters collected; 20.7catheter tips and 11.3catheter hubs were colonised. Phlebitis was observed in 17.4. Bacteria isolated from colonised catheter tips were Staphylococcus aureus (60.5); Staphylococcus epidermidis (23.5). The most common organism isolated from the hub was Staphylococcus aureus (56.8) followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis (18.1). Gram positive and negative organisms were sensitive to ciprofloxacin; gentamycin for gramnegative organisms and augmentin; cefuroxime; ceftriaxone for the gram-positive organisms. After logistic regression; factors such oedema; modified Glasgow coma score of 10/15; 6 hourly benzyl penicillin were significantly associated with colonisation of the tip while use of 25dextrose; chloramphenicol 6 hourly and blood transfusion were significantly associated with colonisation of the hub. Conclusion: The study showed that infections related to short peripheral venous catheters in paediatric general wards in Mulago Hospital occurs and prevalence was 20.72for tips and 11.3for hubs