Applicability comparison between Chinese dry eye questionnaire and ocular surface disease index questionnaire among college students / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To evaluate the applicability of Chinese dry eye questionnaire in college students using the ocular surface disease index(OSDI)questionnaire as a reference.METHODS: Cross-sectional study. A total of 711 college students from Nanyang Medical College were enrolled in the study and assessed for dry eye condition using OSDI questionnaire and Chinese dry eye questionnaire. The response rate of each question in the two questionnaires was counted. Cronbach α was calculated to evaluate the internal consistency of both questionnaires. Correlation between the total scores of the two questionnaires was analyzed to evaluate the criterion validity. Based on OSDI scores, the discriminant validity of Chinese dry eye questionnaire was evaluated; receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves was plotted for Chinese dry eye questionnaire scores, area under the ROC curve(AUC)was calculated, and diagnostic thresholds and corresponding sensitivity and specificity were also analyzed.RESULT: The response rates of the 12 questions on the OSDI questionnaire were 33.2%-100.0%, while it was 100.0% for each question on the Chinese dry eye questionnaire. The Cronbach α values of OSDI questionnaire and Chinese dry eye questionnaire were 0.905 and 0.789, respectively. The Chinese dry eye questionnaire score was positively correlated with the OSDI score(rs=0.712, P<0.001). According to OSDI questionnaire scores, dry eye severity was divided into normal group, mild dry eye group, moderate dry eye group and severe dry eye group. The scores of Chinese dry eye questionnaire in these groups were 4.00(2.00, 6.00), 9.00(7.00, 11.00), 12.00(9.00, 14.00)and 16.00(13.50, 22.00), respectively, which increased with the severity of dry eye, and the overall difference was statistically significant(P<0.001), as well as pairwise comparison between groups(P<0.05). The AUCs of Chinese dry eye questionnaire in distinguishing normal population from dry eye population, mild dry eye from moderate dry eye, moderate dry eye from severe dry eye were 0.862, 0.661 and 0.769, respectively, and the diagnostic thresholds were 6.5, 11.5 and 14.5, respectively.CONCLUSION:Chinese dry eye questionnaire has an equivalent reliability, validity, discriminant ability and better response rate for dry eye screening and epidemiological survey among college students in China compared with OSDI questionnaire.

Effect of nanoparticles of different stiffness combined with menthol/curcumol on mechanical properties of bEnd.3 cells / 中国中药杂志

This study aimed to investigate the effects of nanoparticles PLGA-NPs and mesoporous silicon nanoparticles(MSNs) of different stiffness before and after combination with menthol or curcumol on the mechanical properties of bEnd.3 cells. The particle size distributions of PLGA-NPs and MSNs were measured by Malvern particle size analyzer, and the stiffness of the two nanoparticles was quantified by atomic force microscopy(AFM). The bEnd.3 cells were cultured in vitro, and the cell surface morphology, roughness, and Young's modulus were examined to characterize the roughness and stiffness of the cell surface. The changes in the mechanical properties of the cells were observed by AFM, and the structure and expression of cytoskeletal F-actin were observed by a laser-scanning confocal microscope. The results showed that both nanoparticles had good dispersion. The particle size of PLGA-NPs was(98.77±2.04) nm, the PDI was(0.140±0.030), and Young's modulus value was(104.717±8.475) MPa. The particle size of MSNs was(97.47±3.92) nm, the PDI was(0.380±0.016), and Young's modulus value was(306.019±8.822) MPa. The stiffness of PLGA-NPs was significantly lower than that of MSNs. After bEnd.3 cells were treated by PLGA-NPs and MSNs separately, the cells showed fine pores on the cell surface, increased roughness, decreased Young's modulus, blurred and broken F-actin bands, and reduced mean gray value. Compared with PLGA-NPs alone, PLGA-NPs combined with menthol or curcumol could allow deepened and densely distributed surface pores of bEnd.3 cells, increase roughness, reduce Young's modulus, aggravate F-actin band breakage, and diminish mean gray value. Compared with MSNs alone, MSNs combined with menthol could allow deepened and densely distributed surface pores of bEnd.3 cells, increase roughness, reduce Young's modulus, aggravate F-actin band breakage, and diminish mean gray value, while no significant difference was observed in combination with curcumol. Therefore, it is inferred that the aromatic components can increase the intracellular uptake and transport of nanoparticles by altering the biomechanical properties of bEnd.3 cells.

Research on genetic model of keratoconus / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:To explore the effect of genetic factors on the pathogenesis of keratoconus and its genetic model.METHODS: Genetic epidemiological methods were used to investigate the prevalence of keratoconus in 280 first-degree relatives of 100 patients with keratoconus who attended Henan Eye Hospital between July 2020 and April 2023. The heritability was estimated by Falconer regression method. The general genetic model was calculated using Penrose method, and the genetic model was confirmed by Falconer formula, Edwards approximation formula and the projection formula of San-Duo Jiang's threshold model theory.RESULTS: The results showed that there were 16(5.714%)first-degree relatives of keratoconus probands suffering from keratoconus, and the heritability of keratoconus was(86.100±7.400)%. The S/q score calculated by the Penrose method was 35.348, which was near to 1/(q)1/2, suggesting that the genetic model of keratoconus might be polygenic inheritance. The expected prevalence in first-degree relatives of keratoconus patients by Falconer formula, Edwards approximation formula and the projection formula of San-Duo Jiang's threshold model theory were 5.900%, 7.714% and 5.700%, respectively, which showed no significant differences from the actual prevalence(5.714%), suggesting that keratoconus was a polygenetic disease.CONCLUSION:Genetic factors might play an important role in the pathogenesis of keratoconus, and keratoconus is a polygenetic disease.

Researches advances on the mechanism of the effect of adverse childhood experiences on allostatic load / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#Allostatic load (AL) is related to stress. Adverse childhood experiences(ACEs), as a common stress in childhood, can make a serious and lasting impact on it. Allostatic load can reflect the wear and tear of an individual s physiological system. This article mainly reviews the functional changes of several systems of AL who have experienced ACEs, including neuroendocrine, metabolism, immune, and cardiovascular systems, as well as the different effects of the occurrence time and subtypes of ACES on AL, providing some theoretical basis for the development of early intervention plans in the future and reducing the occurrence and development of deleterious outcomes.

Repeatability and comparison of Corvis ST parameters before and after accelerated transepithelial corneal cross-linking in keratoconus eyes / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM:To evaluate the repeatability and comparison of corneal visualization scheimpflug technology(Corvis ST)parameters in keratoconus eyes before and after accelerated transepithelial corneal cross-linking(ATE-CXL).<p>METHODS: Thirty eyes of 30 progressive keratoconus patients were included in the prospective study. Three repeated corneal biomechanical measurements were performed preoperatively and one month postoperatively by Corvis ST. The interclass correlation coefficient(ICC)and 95% confidence interval(<i>CI</i>), Cronbach'α, repeatability coefficient(RC), and coefficient of variation(CV)were used to evaluate the repeatability of Corvis ST parameters. Paired <i>t</i>-test or Wilcoxon rank test was used to evaluate the differences between preoperative and postoperative data.<p>RESULTS: At preoperative, 26 of 39(66.67%)parameters showed good to excellent repeatability, 6(15.38%)showed moderate, and 7(17.95%)showed poor repeatability. Similarly, 34(87.18%)parameters showed good to excellent repeatability, 3(7.69%)showed moderate, and 2(5.13%)showed poor repeatability after ATE-CXL. After ATE-CXL 1mo, the intraocular pressure(IOP), biomechanical corrected IOP(bIOP), first applanation time(A1T), Radius, deformation amplitude at the first applanation(A1DA), deflection length at the maximum deformation(HCDLL)and stiffness parameter at first applanation(SP A1)parameters increased, while the steep keratometry(Ks), flat keratometry(Kf), mean keratometry(Kmean), second applanation time(A2T), DA Ratio Max(2 mm)and integrated radius parameters decreased(all <i>P</i><0.05). <p>CONCLUSION:The repeatability of the Corvis ST parameters before and 1mo ATE-CXL follow up were both acceptable, and the corneal stiffness was improved after 1mo ATE-CXL.

Application of Single-cell RNA Sequencing in Research on Tumor Immune Microenvironment / 中国医学科学院学报

Tumors are highly complex systems. Understanding the compositions and functions of the tumor immune microenvironment is a prerequisite for effective tumor immunotherapy. Single-cell RNA sequencing can detect the transcriptome of a cell at the resolution of single-cell level,describe its functional status,and thus deepen the understanding of the composition and function of different cell clusters in tumor immune microenvironment. This article reviews the application of single-cell RNA sequencing in research on tumor immune microenvironment.