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Objective:To explore the impacts of postoperative radiotherapy on long-term survival of the patients with resectable locally advanced (T 3-4and/or N +) biliary tract cancers (BTCs) and to analyze the prognostic factors. Methods:The patients with locally advanced gallbladder cancer ( n=1 922) and the patients with extrahepatic biliary duct cancer ( n=3 408) who received surgical resection during 2006-2016 were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result (SEER) database. They were grouped according to different treatment schemes (only surgery and surgery + radiation). The propensity score matching (PSM) method was employed to adjust the differences in baseline prognostic characteristics between patients who received only surgery and those treated with surgery+ radiation. The role of the two treatment schemes on the survival of the patients was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and the prognosis factors were assessed using the Cox regression. Results:The 1 174 patients with gallbladder cancers and the 2 144 patients with extrahepatic biliary duct cancer were respectively matched according to propensity scores. The postoperative radiotherapy showed a significant advantage in 5-year cancer-specific survival (CSS) compared to only surgery for both the patients with gallbladder cancer ( χ2=35.73, P< 0.001) and those with extrahepatic biliary duct cancer ( χ2=9.878, P=0.002). After adjusting related covariates, independent prognostic factors for all the patients included pathological grading, T status, N status, treatment pattern, and age. For the patients with extrahepatic biliary duct cancer, independent prognostic factors also included race and year of diagnosis. The benefits of postoperative radiotherapy were observed in various clinicopathologic characteristics except for the patients with T 1-2 gallbladder cancer and the extrahepatic biliary duct cancer patients with a pathological grade of Ⅰ-Ⅱ and N 0 status or with age ≥ 70. Conclusions:Long-term survival benefits can be gained through postoperative radiotherapy for the patients with resectable locally advanced (T 3-4 and/or N+ ) BTCs. However, adjuvant radiation should be cautiously adopted for the patients with T 1-2 gallbladder cancer and the extrahepatic biliary duct cancer patients with a pathological grade of I-Ⅱ and N 0 status or with age ≥70.
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Objective To assess the outcomes of involved field irradiation (IFI) and elective nodal irradiation (ENI) in patients older than 70 years with esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma(SCC) receiving radical IMRT,and to determine whether IFI is feasible in these patients.Methods Totally 79 patients older than 70 years diagnosed with SCC of esophagus without distant metastases were collected.48 patients were received IFI,and the other 31 patients were treated with ENI.With a median follow-up time of 24 months,disease-free survival,overall survival,patterns of failure,irradiated lung dose and radiation pneumonitis were observed and compared between IFI and ENI groups.Results In IFI and ENI arm,the disease-free survival rates of 1,2,3 years were 60.4％,34.9％,29.7％ and 64.5％,54.0％,35.0％,respectively(P ＞0.05).The 1-,2-,and 3-year survival rates were 72.9％,43.4％,31.5％ for the IFI arm,and 73.0％,53.0％,38.3％ for the ENI arm(P ＞ 0.05).The ENI arm had a tendency to expand survival,but the two arms had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).The patterns of failure also had no difference between the two arms.Distant failure,local failure,uninvolved nodal failure in IFI arm were 22.9％,27.0％,4.2％,while in ENI arm were 25.8％,0,19.4％,all of them had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).However,the lung V5,V20,mean lung dose in ENI arm were higher than that in IFI and all of them had a significantly difference (t =4.66,29.90,15.63,P ＜ 0.05).The radiation pneumonitis rates were higher in ENI than in IFI arm.The rates of degree 1-2 and degree 3 were 22％,19％,and 13％ and 4％ in the two arms,respectively,with a significantly difference(x2 =4.55,4.77,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions It is feasible that IFI for definitive IMRT in the elderly patients older than 70 years with SCC,because it got similar disease-free survival and overall survival but with less lung doses along with decreased radio-pulmonary lesion when compared with ENI.
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0.05) was observed in the expression of PDI in fluoride treated groups, and the expression of XBP-1 in 10-80 mg/L groups was significantly higher with a dose-dependent manner, and in 2.5-80 mg/L groups, the expression of BIP/?-actin was up-regulated (P
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Arsenic compounds are poisonous to organisms,which may induce chromosome aberration and gene mutation of cells.Arsenic compounds may also change the gene functions and cause carcinoma.After exposure to arsenic compounds,gene expressions in some cells were changed.The results of some molecular biology studies showed that both prokaryote and eukary-ote had responses to arsenic compounds at molecular levels.It will be important for unveiling the molecular mechanisms of ar-senic compoundseffects on cells and organisms and the arsenic-resistance of various cells and organism by studying the inter-actions between arsenic compounds and genes.In addition,it was recently found that arsenic trioxide could induce cell apoptosis by various cellular signal transduction pathways.
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Objective To study the effects of arsenic compounds on metallothionein-3 gene expression in human normal hepatic cells. Methods cDNAs were cloned by SMART method. Bioinformatics was utilized to analyze the homologue, chromosomal localization, structure and encoding protein of the cloned gene and the trans-membrane information of the encoding protein. Metallothionein-3 gene expression level in L-02 cell line treated by arsenite was determined by cDNA microarrays. Results Metallothionein-3 cDNA gene was cloned and located in the chromosome 16q13. The results of bioinformatics analysis showed that the protein encoded by metallothionein-3 gene could cross the biologic membrane. Metallothionein-3 gene expression up-regulation in human normal hepatic L-02 cell line was found by cDNA microarrays in the early stage after the cells being exposed to arsenite. Conclusion The results of this study showed that the human metallothionein-3 gene was arsenic related gene and this gene might play a vital role in the detoxification metabolism of arsenic compounds at early stage.
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0.05),while the activities of SOD of bone tissue were lower(P