ABSTRACT
AIMS: To present the first cross-culture validation of the European organization for research and treatment of cancer (EORTC) quality of life questionnaires, the EORTC-QLQ-C30, and the QLQ-H&N 35 in India. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: These questionnaires were translated into two vernacular languages and pilot test was done on 15 patients. Two hundred head and neck cancer patients completed the QLQ-C30 and the QLQ-H&N 35 at two time points during their treatment. Psychometric evaluation of the structure, reliability, and validity of the questionnaire was undertaken. RESULTS: The data supports the reliability of the scales. Validity was tested by item-scale, scale--scale correlation and by performing known group comparisons. The results demonstrated that the items correlated with their respective scale and no significant correlation was found between scales. The questionnaire was responsive to change over a period of time. SUMMARY: This data suggests that the EORTC QLO-C30 and the QLQ-H&N 35 are reliable and valid questionnaires when applied to a sample of head and neck cancer patients in India.
Subject(s)
Combined Modality Therapy , Cross-Sectional Studies , Europe , Female , Guidelines as Topic , Head and Neck Neoplasms/epidemiology , Humans , India , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Neck Dissection , Neoplasm Staging , Probability , Prospective Studies , Quality of Life , Surveys and Questionnaires/standards , Reproducibility of Results , Research/standards , Sickness Impact Profile , Statistics, NonparametricABSTRACT
Supernumerary or extra teeth result from disturbances during the initiation and proliferation stages of dental development. Teeth formed in excess of the normal number are termed supernumerary teeth. A supernumerary tooth may closely resemble the teeth of the group to which it belongs i.e. molars, premolars or anterior teeth or it may bear little resemblance in size or shape to the teeth with which it is associated. Discussed here are reports of three cases with multiple supernumerary teeth in the mixed dentition and its management.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Male , Tooth Extraction , Tooth, Supernumerary/surgeryABSTRACT
Specimens of human enamel were treated topically with 2% sodium fluoride solution before and after laser irradiation. The samples were examined using wet chemical analysis and SEM. The results showed that samples treated with neutral 2% NaF after irradiation caused a remarkable increase in acid resistance of the enamel, while samples treated with neutral 2% NaF before irradiation showed a lesser effect. The results were consistent with observations made by using wet chemical analysis and SEM findings.