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Aim: As Breast cancer is most common in developed and developing world. Despite of seriousness & importance of breast cancer the awareness is low. This Study highlights the primary screening of breast cancer with the device Intelligent Breast Examination. Objectives: The objectives of this study are to assess the knowledge regarding awareness on screening of breast cancer with Intelligent Breast Examination (IBE), to develop a self-instructional module (SIM) on awareness on screening regarding breast cancer with IBE, and to assess its effectiveness on awareness about screening breast cancer with IBE. Materials and Methods: Evaluative research approach was used. The study used preexperimental research design. The samples (60 primary schoolteachers) were selected by the use of two sampling techniques, i.e., random sampling (for schools) and purposive sampling (study participants). Data were collected in two phases (pre and post) using structured questionnaire followed by the administration of SIM. Results: The results revealed a significant increase in mean knowledge scores (mean pre 11.16 standard deviation [SD] = 2.631 to mean post 21.2 SD = 1.842) regarding awareness on screening of breast cancer with IBE. The calculated paired t value (23.902) is greater than the table value ( t = 1.67) at 0.05 level of significance. Conclusion: The study concluded that the SIM prepared proved to be effective in increasing the awareness regarding screening with IBE in breast cancer
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Background: Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases(ESBLs) are rapidly evolving group of β-lactamaseenzymes that are of particular concern to clinicians andepidemiologists. Most ESBLs have been evolved bygenetic mutation from blaTEM and blaSHV genes, andare well described in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Aim andObjective: To investigate the ESBL genotypes in K.pneumoniae isolates from Respiratory Tract Infections(RTIs). Material and Methods: Clinical isolates of K.pneumoniae were obtained from RTI -sputum samples.Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by KirbyBauer disc diffusion method. ESBL was detectedphenotypically and multiplex Polymerase ChainReaction (PCR) specific for blaTEM, blaSHV andblaCTX-M genes was performed to identify genotypes.Results: During the 19 months period, a total of 212 ofK. pneumoniae were found from RTIs. Of these 212isolates, 60 isolates (28.3%) were ESBL producers byphenotypic method. Of these 212 isolates, 96 wererandomly selected for multiplex PCR for blaTEM,blaSHV and blaCTX-M genes. The findings ofmultiplex PCR showed that 24 isolates (25%)possessed blaTEM gene and only 4 isolates (4.1%)possessed each blaSHV and blaCTX-M gene alone.Isolates having both blaTEM+blaSHV genes were 20(20.8%), and both blaTEM+blaCTX-M genes were 12(12.5%); and isolate possessing all threeblaTEM+blaSHV+blaCTX-M genes were 20 (20.8%).The overall prevalence of blaTEM, blaSHV andblaCTX-M genes in this study was 79.1%, 45.8% and37.5% respectively. Imipenem was most effectiveantibiotic. Conclusion: Spread of ESBL producing K.pneumoniae is a major concern, as it causes limitationsto optimal treatment. Multiplex PCR can be used as arapid method to identify ESBL genotypes in K.pneumoniae. It will prove valuable for surveillance andestablishing the treatment line against drug resistantorganisms, thus saving precious time and resources. Inour study blaTEM genotype was most prevalent.
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Background: The gastro intestinal is important system in the human body. Many times it is found that its uneasy for student nurses to check the patient. So, there is need to improve the available learning programmes regarding gastro intestinal tract assessment.So, it was necessary to conduct this study for educating student nurses regarding the gastro intestinal tract assessment to improve their knowledge. The objectives of this study were to assess the knowledge of student nurses regarding gastro-intestinal tract assessment and to evaluate the effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme on knowledge regarding gastro intestinal tract assessment.Methods: Material and methods used for the study is the evaluative approach; one group pre test, post test design was used. Study was conducted on sample of 70 student nurses by using convenient sampling technique. The data were collected by structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: The mean knowledge score of student nurses during the pre-test was 39.89% where as it had raised up to 72% during the post-test regarding gastro intestinal tract assessment as effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme. Therefore, the difference assessed was 32.11% between pre-test and post-test.Conclusions: There was significant difference between the pre-test knowledge level and post-test knowledge level of student nurses on gastro intestinal tract assessment. Hence health education programs and on-going teaching both can further improve the knowledge of student nurses.
ABSTRACT
Background: "Mishri" is one among the various smokeless tobacco products used in the central and southern part of India. The use of newer tobacco products is increasing not only among men, but also among children, teenagers, and women of the reproductive age-group. Objectives: To study socio-demographic profile of mishri users among pregnant women admitted for delivery into Krishna Hospital, Karad - Satara, Maharashtra. Materials and Methods: All the consecutive pregnant women admitted for delivery in Krishna Hospital, Karad over a period of 6 months were enrolled and a detailed history of use of tobacco was obtained from them. A representative sample of mishri used by them for each application was collected and weighed on an electronic weighing machine. The socio-demographic information was collected among all mishri users and age-, parity-matched controls of non-mishri users during pregnancy. Results: A total of 258, i.e., (12%) of the women delivering in Krishna Hospital were using mishri. The mean duration of mishri use was 2 years with a standard deviation (SD) of 1.09 years, frequency of daily application being 1.4 times with an SD of 0.55, dwell time in mouth being 10 min with an SD of 2.9 min, and the quantity of each application being 236 mg with an SD of 66.2 mg. 29% of the teenagers and 68% of the primiparas were found to be using mishri, and a majority of them were housewives, having minimum education and belonging to the middle and lower socio-economic class. It was also found that the family members played a role in influencing the habit of mishri use. Interpretation and Conclusion: A small but significant number of women who deliver in the hospital used mishri during pregnancy and were in need of de-addiction counseling.