HPTLC finger print analysis of phytocompounds and in vitro antioxidant activity of Eugenia singampattiana Bedd.

This paper has reported the preliminary phytochemical screening, HPTLC analysis of phytocompounds and in vitro antioxidant activities of ethanol extract of Eugenia singampattiana leaves. This is the first report on the antioxidant activity of this plant. The preliminary phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, coumarin, catechin, steroids, flavonoids, saponins, phenols, glycosides and terpenoids. HPTLC analysis also confirmed the presence of alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, saponins, phenols, glycosides and terpenoids. The antioxidant activities of the leaves in ethanol extract are assessed using different models like DPPH, superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical and ABTS+ cation radical and reducing power at different concentrations. The ethanol extract at 800μg/ml showed maximum scavenging activity. Results obtained revealed that, ethanol extract of leaves of E. singampattiana possess high antioxidant activity. Thus this study suggests that, E. singampattiana plant can be used as a potent source of natural antioxidant.

Detection of odoriferous subgingival and tongue microbiota in diabetic and nondiabetic patients with oral malodor using polymerase chain reaction.

Background: Halitosis has been correlated with the concentration of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) produced in the oral cavity by metabolic activity of bacteria colonizing the periodontal pockets and the dorsum of the tongue. It has been assumed that there is a relationship between periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus. Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the malodor using the organoleptic method and tanita device; to quantify odoriferous microorganisms of subgingival plaque and tongue coating, such as P. gingivalis (Pg), T. forsythia (Tf), and F. nucleatum (Fn) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in nondiabetic and diabetic chronic periodontitis patients. Patients and Methods: Thirty chronic periodontitis patients (with and without diabetes) with 5-7 mm pocket depth, radiographic evidence of bone loss, and presence of oral malodor participated in this study. Subjective assessment of mouth air was done organoleptically and by using a portable sulfide monitor. Tongue coating was also assessed. Results: The scores of plaque index, gingival index, gingival bleeding index, VSC levels, and tongue coating between the nondiabetic and diabetic patients were not significant (P>0.5). In nondiabetic patients, Fn was found to be significantly (P<0.5) more in tongue samples, whereas Pg and Tf have not shown significant values (P>0.5). In diabetic patients, Fn and Tf have shown significant (P<0.5) an increase in subgingival and tongue samples, respectively, whereas Pg has not shown significant difference between subgingival and tongue samples. Interpretation and Conclusion: The results confirm that there is no difference in clinical parameters between nondiabetic and diabetic periodontitis patients, but the odoriferous microbial profiles in tongue samples of diabetic patients were found to be high. However, there is a weak positive correlation between VSC levels, clinical parameters, and odoriferous microbial profiles.

Double gall bladder with two disease processes.

A double gall bladder is a rare congenital anomaly which is usually diagnosed by preoperative ultrasonography. Either one, or both lobes, of the double gall bladder, may be diseased. We report a patient in whom the two lobes were affected by different disease processes, namely, cholesterosis, and cholelithiasis with mucocele.

Role of aminophylline in atropine resistant atrioventricular block.

Atrioventricular (AV) block may be induced by ischaemia as a result of production of adenosine, a metabolite that accumulates during hypoxia and ischaemia. Adenosine antagonism has been shown to reverse experimental AV node block in dogs. Recently, theophylline has been shown to be highly effective in diminishing the frequency and severity of bradycardia in newborn infants with apnoea-bradycardia spells. We report here a case of acute inferior wall myocardial infarction who developed atropine resistant AV block which was reversed by aminophylline, a competitive, antagonist of adenosine.