ABSTRACT
Objective:To determine the antihypercholesterolemic effects of kenaf seed samples and compare with the commercial hypocholesterolemic drug on serum lipids profiles and malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the rat.Methods:Kenaf seed oil(KSO), microencapsulated kenaf seed oil(MKSO), kenaf seed extract(KSE) and defatted kenaf seed meal(DKSM) were prepared and phytochemicals screening on these samples were done prior in vivostudy.Phenolic compounds inKSE were quantified using high performance liquid chromatography.There were40(divided in eight diet groups of5) maleSprague dawley rats adapted to normal standard diet or hypercholesterolemic diet(HD) with or without the treatment of these kenaf samples for32 days.Results:All the kenaf samples exhibited to contain most of the major phytochemicals.KSE possessed gallic acid, tannic acid, catechin, benzaldehyde, benzoic acid, syringic acid, sinapic acid, ferulic acid, naringin acid, and protocatechuic acid.The significant higher(P<0.05) serum total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol andMDA levels inHD group without treatment than the normal control group suggested the hypercholesterolemia was induced by the incorporation of cholesterol into diet.KSE exhibited higher cholesterol-lowering properties due to the significant lower(P<0.05) in serum triglycerides, total cholesterol andMDA levels.KSE showed the highest efficiency of cholesterol-lowering activity, followed byKSO,MKSO andDKSM.Conclusions:DKSM,MKSO, KSO andKSE appeared to have comparable anti-hypercholesterolemic effect with the commercial hypocholesterolemic drug.Hence, kenaf seed could be used as an alternative natural source to replace the synthetic hypocholesterolemic drugs.
ABSTRACT
Aims: Rice bran has been documented as a rich source of bioactive compounds such as gamma-oryzanol, phenolic acids, phytic acid, β-sitosterol and vitamin E, which offer beneficial health properties and confer antioxidant activity related benefits. The objective of this research is to evaluate the bioactive compounds content of fermented rice bran such as organic acids, ɣ-oryzanol, α- tocopherol and phenolic acids using three lactic acid bacteria (LAB), namely Pediococcus acidilactici, Lactococcus lactis and Pediococcus pentoseous in a solid state fermentation. Methodology and results: High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to analyze the concentration of the active compounds in rice bran. The most abundant organic acids detected in fermented rice bran samples were lactic acid and acetic acid, which showed significant improvement after fermentation. Fermentation of rice bran with P. acidilactici showed a two-fold increment in ɣ-oryzanol and α-tocopherol compared to unfermented rice bran. A higher concentration of ferulic acid was observed in rice bran fermented with P. acidilactici compared to other strains. Meanwhile, coumaric acid concentration in all fermented samples decreased significantly upon fermentation. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: These results indicated that the fermentation with LAB could enhance certain bioactive compounds production and antioxidant activity of rice bran. Therefore, improved rice bran has the potential to be used as an ingredient in functional food and cosmetic formulation. Keywords: Rice bran; bioactive compounds; fermentation, lactic acid bacteria; antioxidant activity
Subject(s)
Fermentation , OryzaABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To examine the cytotoxic properties of both the kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) seed extract and kenaf seed oil on human cervical cancer, human breast cancer, human colon cancer and human lung cancer cell lines.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The in vitro cytotoxic activity of the kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) seed extract and kenaf seed oil on human cancer cell lines was evaluated by using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and sulforhodamine B assays. Cell morphological changes were observed by using an inverted light microscope.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The kenaf seed extract (KSE) exhibited a lower IC50 than kenaf seed oil (KSO) in all of the cancer cell lines. Morphological alterations in the cell lines after KSE and KSO treatment were observed. KSE and KSO possessed effective cytotoxic activities against all the cell lines been selected.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>KSE and KSO could be potential sources of natural anti-cancer agents. Further investigations on using kenaf seeds for anti-proliferative properties are warranted.</p>