ABSTRACT
Finding new tolerable methods in weight loss has largely been an issue of interest for specialists. Present study compared a novel method of calorie shifting diet [CSD] with classic calorie restriction [CR] on weight loss in overweight and obese subjects. Seventy-four subjects [body mass index >/= 25; 37] were randomized to 4 weeks control diet, 6 weeks CSD or CR diets, and 4 weeks follow-up period. CSD consisted of three phases each lasts for 2 weeks, 11 days calorie restriction which included four meals every day, and 4 h fasting between meals follow with 3 days self-selecting diet. CR subjects receive determined low calorie diet. Anthropometric and metabolic measures were assessed at different time points in the study. Four weeks after treatment, significant weight, and fat loss started [6.02 and 5.15 kg] and continued for 1 month of follow-up [5.24 and 4.3 kg], which was correlated to the restricted energy intake [P < 0.05]. During three CSD phases, resting metabolic rate tended to remain unchanged. The decrease in plasma glucose, total cholesterol, and triacylglycerol were greater among subjects on the CSD diet [P < 0.05]. Feeling of hunger decreased and satisfaction increased among those on the CSD diet after 4 weeks [P < 0.05]. The CSD diet was associated with a greater improvement in some anthropometric measures, Adherence was better among CSD subjects. Longer and larger studies are required to determine the long-term safety and efficacy of CSD diet
ABSTRACT
Low calorie diets are always difficult for obese subjects to follow and lead to metabolic and behavioral adaptation. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of caffeine treatment with calorie shifting diet [CSD] on weight loss. Female subjects [n=60; BMI>25] completed 4-weeks control diet, 6-weeks CSD [3 repeated phases; each 2-weeks] and 4-weeks follow-up diet, with or without caffeine treatment [5 mg/Kg/day]. The first 11 days of each phase included calorie restriction with four meals every day and 4 hours intervals. Significant weight and fat loss were observed after 4-weeks of CSD [5.7 +/- 1.24 Kg and 4.84 +/- 1.53 Kg] or CSD+Caffeine [7.57 +/- 2.33 Kg and 5.24 +/- 2.07 Kg] which was consistent for one month of the follow-up [CSD: 5.24 +/- 1.83 Kg and 4.3 +/- 1.62 Kg, CSD+Caffeine: 12.11 +/- 2.31 Kg and 9.85 +/- 1.6 Kg, p < 0.05 vs CSD group] and correlated to the restricted energy intake [p < 0.05]. During three CSD phases. RMR tended to remain unchanged in both groups. While, CSD or CSD + Caffeine treatments, significantly decreased plasma glucose, total-cholesterol, and triacylglycerol [p < 0.05], even during follow-up period [p < 0.05]. HDL-cholesterol was not changed by CSD. Feeling of hunger decreased and subject's satisfaction increased after 4-weeks of CSD [p < 0.05] and remained low to the end of study, while satiety was not affected. Coffeine increased the effect of CSD on feeling of hunger and subject's satisfaction after week 7 [p < 0.05 vs. CSD]. These findings indicated that combination of caffeine treatment with CSD could be an effective alternative approach to weight and fat loss with small changes in RMR and improved tolerance of subjects to the new diet