ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND@#Slow-motion training, which comprises exercising using extremely slow-movements, yields a training effect like that of high-intensity training, even when the applied load is small. We developed a slow-training exercise program that allows elderly people to safely use their own body weight without a machine. Previously, it was confirmed that functional gait and lower limb muscle strength were improved by low-intensity training using bodyweight training for 3 months. This study evaluated the long-term effects of low-intensity training using body weight with slow-movements on the motor function of frail, elderly patients.@*METHODS@#Ninety-six elderly men and women aged 65 years or older whose level of nursing care was classified as either support required (1 and 2) or long-term care required (care levels 1 and 2) volunteered to participate. Two facilities were used. Participants at the first facility used low-intensity training using body weight with slow-movements (low-stress training [LST] group, n = 65), and participants at another facility used machine training (MT group, n = 31). Exercise interventions were conducted for 12 months, once or twice per week, depending on the required level of nursing care. Changes in motor function were examined.@*RESULTS@#Post-intervention measurements based on the results of the chair-stand test after 12 months showed significant improvements from pre-intervention levels (P < 0.0001) in the LST group and MT group. Although the ability of performing the Timed Up & Go test and the ability to stand on one leg with eyes open improved in both groups, no significant change was observed. When changes after 12 months were compared between the two groups, no significant difference was observed for any variables.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Slow body weight training for 12 months without a machine improved the lower limb muscle strength. Therefore, it could have the same effects as training using a machine.@*TRIAL REGISTRATION@#UMIN000030853 . Registered 17 January 2018 (retrospectively registered).
Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Body Weight , Exercise Therapy , Frail Elderly , Japan , Movement , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND@#Achieving a desirable death is an urgent aging-related problem in Japan. However, measures of the quality of death and dying in Japan are lacking. This study aimed to identify components of a desirable death in the residents of Kagawa prefecture, Japan, through focus group interviews.@*METHODS@#A group interview was conducted with 30 residents aged 20-80 (M = 50.9, SD = 22.1 years; 43.3% ≥ 65 years; 40.0% unemployed) who had experienced the death of a closely associated person. Participants were grouped into four generations with diverse characteristics (e.g., age, sex, occupation). The interview lasted 1-2 h and involved one interviewer, one observer, and one recorder. The interview theme was "What is a desirable death?" Participants were asked "What do you want to achieve before you die?" or "What would a close friend want to experience when death is near?" We then extracted important items related to "desirable death" using serialization and observation records, while also consulting three analysts. The analysis results of the four generations were ultimately integrated into final categories.@*RESULTS@#The most common experience of a familiar death was that of parents, followed by grandparents. Half of participants had witnessed the death. Through category analysis, eight important categories related to desirable death were ultimately extracted. Nine items were identified as common to all generations. While the elderly generation had wide-ranging opinions, the younger generations' opinions tended to concentrate on satisfaction with life and family relations.@*CONCLUSION@#Eight concepts were extracted as important factors of a desirable death from the residents of Kagawa prefecture, Japan.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND@#Slow-motion training, an exercise marked by extremely slow movements, yields a training effect like that of a highly intense training, even when the applied load is small. This study evaluated the effects of low-intensity bodyweight training with slow movement on motor function in frail, elderly patients.@*METHODS@#Ninety-seven elderly men and women aged 65 years or older, whose level of nursing care was classified as either support required (1 and 2) or long-term care required (care level 1 and 2), volunteered to participate. Two facilities were used. Participants in the first facility used low-intensity bodyweight training with slow movement (the LST group, n = 65), and participants in another facility used machine training (the control group, n = 31). Exercises were conducted for 3 months, once or twice a week, depending on the required level of nursing care. Changes in motor function were examined.@*RESULTS@#Post-exercise measurements showed significant improvements from the pre-exercise levels after 3 months, based on the results of the Timed Up and Go test (p = 0.0263) and chair-stand test (p = 0.0016) in the low-intensity exercise with slow movement and tonic force generation (LST) group. Although the ability to stand on one leg with eyes open tended to improve, no significant change was found (p = 0.0964).@*CONCLUSIONS@#We confirmed that carrying out LST bodyweight training for 3 months led to improvements in ambulatory function and lower-limb muscle strength. In this way, it is possible that LST training performed by holding a bar or by staying seated on a chair contributes to improved motor function in elderly patients within a short time.@*TRIAL REGISTRATION@#UMIN000030853 . Registered 17 January 2018. (retrospectively registered).