ABSTRACT
Myofibroblastoma of the mammary type is a benign breast mesenchymal tumor. It occurs commonly in the breast, but very rarely at extra mammary sites. The extra mammary myofibroblastoma is usually located on the embryonic milkline, which is extremely rare in the head and neck area. We report the case of a 14-year-old boy who was diagnosed with mammary type myofibroblastoma in the submandibular region. In this study, we focus on the clinicopathologic features of this unusual tumor along with the literature review.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Humans , Male , Breast , Head , Neck , Neoplasms, Muscle TissueABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate pre-operative factors for patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and determine the correlation these factors have with the improvement of daytime sleepiness based on the change of Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score before and after uvulopalatal flap (UPF). SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Twenty-two patients with OSA who had received UPF surgery were enrolled in the study. We checked age, body mass index (BMI), size of tonsils, and position of palate. Using the Muller maneuver, we quantified the degree of obstruction at the velopharynx and the tongue base level. The cephalometric variables were checked by X-ray. Apnea-hypopnea index, respiratory distress index, and lowest oxygen saturation were obtained by portable monitoring. Finally, we obtained ESS score before and after UPF. The correlation between the aforementioned pre-operative factors and changes in ESS score was evaluated. RESULTS: A significant correlation was observed between the change in ESS score and patients' age (R=0.168, p=0.031), BMI (R=0.642, p=0.004), and posterior airway space (PAS)(R=0.378, p=0.029). Patients who were older than 40 years old (p=0.030), obese patients with BMI> or =25.0 (p=0.001), and those who had reported severe daytime sleepiness before surgery (pre-operative ESS score >10, p<0.01) reported greater improvement of daytime sleepiness after UPF. CONCLUSION: We propose age, BMI, and wider PAS as predictors for greater improvement of daytime sleepiness after UPF in patients with OSA.