ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the preventive effects of alkaline citrate on stone recurrence as well as stone growth post-ESWL or PCNL in patients with calcium-containing stones. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 76 patients with calcium calculi who were stone-free or had residual stones less than 4 mm following ESWL and PCNL were enrolled. All patients were independently randomized into two groups. The treated group (N = 39) was given 81 mEq per day of oral potassium-sodium citrate (27 mEq three times a day), and the untreated group (N = 37) serving as controls. Blood, twenty-four hour urine analysis, and plain KUB were measured and compared at the baseline and after 12 months. RESULTS: At baseline, hypocitraturia was found in 20 of 39 patients (46.05 percent) of Group I and 15 of 37 patients (40.5 percent) of Group II. At 12 months, hypocitraturia was found in 3 of 39 (7.69 percent) and 14 of 37 (37.83 percent) of Group I and Group II, respectively (p = 0.007). At the 12 month follow-up, of the stone-free group, 92.3 percent of the treated group and 57.7 percent of the control group were still stone free. Of the residual stone group, 30.8 percent and 9.1 percent of treated and control group were stone-free, respectively. The increased stone size found in 7.7 percent and 54.5 percent of treated and control groups, respectively. CONCLUSION: Sodium-potassium citrate provides positive effects on stone-forming activities in calcium stone patients suffering from urolithiasis following treatment with ESWL and PCNL procedures at the 12-month follow-up.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Citrates/therapeutic use , Diuretics/therapeutic use , Kidney Calculi/prevention & control , Lithotripsy/methods , Nephrostomy, Percutaneous , Potassium Citrate/therapeutic use , Follow-Up Studies , Kidney Calculi/chemistry , Kidney Calculi/therapy , Lithotripsy/standards , Nephrostomy, Percutaneous/standards , Recurrence/prevention & control , Treatment Outcome , Uric Acid/urineABSTRACT
Antropomatric measurements and vitamin A and E levels were performed in 12 and 13 infants with idiopathic neonatal hepatitis (NH) and extrahepatic biliary atresia (EHBA) respectively. Triceps skin fold and midarm circumference demonstrated that 4 cases of NH and 1 case of EHBA had protein-calorie malnutrition. There was no clinical evidence of vitamin A and E deficiency in both groups but levels of vitamin were lower than those of normal infants. Proper feeding and vitamin supplements are necessary to prevent and treat protein-calorie malnutrition and fat soluble vitamin deficiency in cholestatic infants.