ABSTRACT
Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of theleading causes of death in the developed world. The presentstudy was planned to assess serum electrolyte profile of AMIpatients.Materials & Methods: A total of 55 AMI patients and 55 agematched and gender-matched healthy controls were includedin the present study. Complete medical and past family historyof all the subjects was obtained. At the time of admission,blood samples were obtained from all the AMI patients. In caseof healthy controls, blood samples were obtained as a part ofroutine medical check-up. All the samples were sent forassessment of serum potassium and sodium levels.Results: Mean electrolyte profile of the subjects of the AMIgroup was found to be significantly lower than that of subjectsof the healthy control group.Conclusion: Fall in the levels of serum sodium and potassiumlevels might increase the probability of occurrence of AMI
ABSTRACT
Background: Serum amylase has been used for diagnosis of acute pancreatitis in hospitals. Majority of the clinicians ask for amylase as well as lipase for diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. However, serum marker lipase is considered to have better accuracy in many countries. Aim: The objective of this study was to find which single marker to be used in for diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. Methods: A total of 100 patients, 54 were females and 46 were males were included in the study. Patients willing to participate were included in the study. The serum lipase and amylase were taken from 100 patients. Patients were assured the confidentiality and anonymity of the collected data. Diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and positive and negative likelihood ratios were calculated. Results: out of 100 patients studied 54 (54%) were females and 46 (46%) were males. The sensitivity and specificity of amylase at 3-fold above normal limit were 61.6% and 98.25% while those of lipase were 95.7% and 98.9% respectively. Conclusions: Both serum enzymes serum lipase and amylase had good diagnostic accuracy in our study. Serum lipase can be used as an alternative over serum amylase for diagnosis of acute pancreatitis.
ABSTRACT
Background: Cardiovascular reactivity (CVR) is defined as increase in heart rate (tachycardia) and blood pressure (hypertension) due to stress by the activation of sympathetic nervous system. Methods: Students of 18-25 years of age of various courses at Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College, Body Mass Index (BMI) > 18 kg/m2 and self-reported teetotallers was enrolled for the study. After recording the basal parameters, all subjects underwent various pressor stimuli and haemodynamic parameters were recorded accordingly. Results: All values dPulse was higher in female (0.87/min) than obese male (0.38/min), dSBP & dDBP was higher in Obese male (1.88mmHg &2.14mmHg) than obese female (1.16mmHg &1.09mmHg) with significant difference. HR showed insignificant difference by all stressors except just after 1min of Videogame. Blood pressure was higher in male subject’s after1min/5min of stress with significant difference after 1min.of CPT/cycling/videogame. This is due to progesterone and due to their large musculature body. Conclusion: Obese male individual showing lower resting pulse rate but higher SBP &DBP than obese female subjects.CVR to stress, result was remains same dPulse was higher in female & the blood pressure was higher in obese male group with insignificant difference except 1min after 1min of VG.
ABSTRACT
Background: Proteinuria is recognized as one of the earliest sign of renal function deterioration in chronic smokers. Proteinuria occurs due to alteration in glomerular permeability and later due to failure of reabsorption of filtered protein by the tubular cells. Normally, most healthy adults excrete 20 – 150 mg of protein in urine over 24 hours. However, it is difficult to collect 24 hrs urine samples. Objectives: To advocate the use of PCI (protein creatinine index) in assessment of proteinuria and to compare dipstick result with PCI in the assessment of proteinuria in chronic cigarette smokers. Material & Methods: A total of 30 cigarette smokers and 40 age and sex matched controls were included for the study. A random specimen of urine collected from each cigarette smoker and non- smoker was tested quantitatively by manual sulfosalicylic acid colorimetric method for the estimation of protein concentration. Creatinine concentration in each specimen was measured by modified Jaffe’s method and the urinary PCI was calculated. Results: Normal range of PCI which has been established in this study is 50 to 259. Significantly higher amounts of protein were found to be excreted in urine in chronic smokers (9.313 ± 4.003 mg/dl) as compared to healthy non smokers (7.738 ± 2.05 mg/dl). On comparison of PCI between healthy non smoker and chronic smoker subjects, PCI has been found to be significantly elevated in chronic smokers (healthy non smoker- 118.32 ± 56.86, chronic smoker- 180.1 ± 88.23) (p=0.001). Conclusion: PCI of random urine sample can provide a very useful, simple and convenient method for the quantitative assessment of proteinuria to confirm the advent of kidney damage, avoiding the drawbacks of 24 hrs urine collection.