ABSTRACT
Background: Abdominal injury constitutes a significant portion of all blunt and penetrating body injuries. Computed tomography is an important and fast technique which gives rapid information on the type of abdominal injury and helps in management of the patient accordingly. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the usefulness of Multidetector Computed Tomography (MDCT) in detection of intra-abdominal injury in patients with blunt abdominal trauma and to provide information that could accurately determine choice of management (non- operative versus operative). And to correlate the computed tomography (CT) findings with either clinical observation, follow up CT scan (if required) or surgical findings (wherever applicable).Methods: A total of 50 patients with abdominal trauma who underwent computed tomography (CT) examination were included. CT findings were compared with surgical findings in operated cases, and in the rest CT findings were compared by clinical outcome.Results: Among the 50 cases studied, all 50 had positive CT findings of abdominal trauma, out of which 24 patients underwent surgery and the remaining were managed conservatively. The age group of the patients was ranging from 8 to 66 years with male predominance. In this study the commonest organs affected were liver and spleen accounting for 48% and 44% respectively.Conclusions: Computed tomography is an important and highly sensitive imaging modality for diagnosis of organ injuries in patients with abdominal trauma and accordingly deciding the management of patient.
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Background: Paranasal sinuses are air filled spaces present within the skull and facial bones. Paranasal sinuses region anatomy is highly variable. Knowledge of these variations is very important for radiologists as well as endoscopic surgeons for preoperative evaluation to avoid damage to adjacent vital structures. CT is the best modality to delineate the sinus anatomy as well as soft tissue structures. Thus, this study was undertaken to evaluate the anatomical variations of paranasal sinus region and ascertain their clinical importance.Methods: A total of 142 patients, those referred from various outdoor/indoor departments with the symptoms related to nose and paranasal sinuses were included. Detailed history, appropriate clinical examinations, biochemical investigations and X-ray PNS were recorded. Unenhanced CT scan of the PNS was performed for these patients in the axial planes and reformatted coronal planes. Observation was made and analysed using descriptive tools and scientific methods.Results: Deviated nasal septum was the most common variation followed by middle concha bullosa, Paradoxical middle turbinate, curved uncinate process, overpneumatized ethmoidal bulla, superior concha bullosa, prominent Agger Nasi cells, haller cells, onodi cells, maxillary sinus septae and pneumatization of uncinate process. Incidence of anatomical variation was 75% among the patients showing PNS mucosal changes while it was 94% among patients showing no mucosal changes. Chi square statics revealed that presence of anatomical variation does not mean a predisposition to mucosal changes.Conclusions: The presence of anatomical variants does not indicate predisposition to sinus pathology but may predispose to increased risk of intraoperative complications. It is important to pay close attention to anatomical variations in the preoperative evaluation to avoid possible complications.
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Background: The objectives are to identify and study structural abnormalities in the brain that associated with seizures, spectrum of findings in patients with seizures, classify seizure type and syndrome and to evaluate role of MRI in postoperative seizures.Methods: A total of 110 patients, those referred from various outdoor/indoor departments with the history of seizure were included after fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Detailed history, appropriate clinical examinations and biochemical investigations were recorded. All MRI scans were performed on a 1.5 T Philips Achieva. Sequences were used according to MR Imaging protocol of seizures. Observation was made and analysed using descriptive tools and scientific methods.Results: Among 110 patients’ majority (41%) were normal, 20% had cerebral infarct with gliosis followed by NCC 7.2%, atrophy 5.45%, tuberculosis 11%, venous thrombosis 3.64%, developmental malformations 3.64%, glioma 1.82%, cavernoma 1.82%, tuberous sclerosis 1.82%, meningioma 0.91%, cerebral abscess 0.91% and Sturge-weber syndrome 0.91%. Most of the patients with cerebrovascular causes and male predominance 61.8%.Conclusions: The present study was a prospective study. Spectrum of MRI findings related to vascular, developmental, infection and neoplasm was identified. MRI is noninvasive modality with no radiation hazard, excellent gray white matter resolution and multiplanar imaging capability. MRI helps in detection of subtle lesions responsible for seizures. Present study observed that MRI with appropriate imaging protocols add sensitivity and specificity in evaluation of seizures.
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Background: Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) is a tumor that shows a predictable spreading pattern. This study showed the characteristic MRI findings and its pattern of spread of JNA for diagnosis.Methods: This study consisted of 6 cases of JNA for diagnosis and pattern of spreading by using MRI as modality of choice.Results: The total patients included in study were 6 with age range from 9-20 years and all were male. The classification system used in the study was Radkowski and Onerci system. The tumor showed isointensity to muscle and hyperintensity on T1 and T2 sequences respectively on MR imaging. All lesions had internal signal void regions and showed intense enhancement after IV contrast administration. Diffusion restriction was not an associated features however high values of ADC were noted. The MR angiography of three patients showed blood supply of tumor was mainly from the internal maxillary branch of external carotid artery. The treatment was surgical excision of tumor which was decided on MRI Diagnosis and pattern of Extension described in Radiological report.Conclusions: MRI is a modality of choice for diagnosis and extension of JNA based on clinical and radiological findings, without performing a biopsy.
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Background: Diffusion weighted MRI imaging is a new technique which measures the microscopic motion of water protons. It provides image contrast that is dependent on the motion of water molecules, which may be substantially altered by disease. Methodology: In our prospective study a total of 80 cases of various intracranial pathologies were evaluated.MR imaging including T1, T2, fluid attenuation inversion recovery (FLAIR), gradient sequences, ADC and diffusion weighted imaging were obtained in various planes. Aims & Objectives: To assess the role & efficacy of Diffusion-weighted imaging in evaluation of intracranial pathologies. To assess the role & efficacy of Diffusion-weighted imaging in evaluation of early infarcts & differentiating early infarcts from chronic infarcts. To assess the role of Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging for differentiating Rim-Enhancing Brain lesions. Results: Infract was the most Common lesions detected in our study. DW MRI is highly sensitive in detection of hyperacute and acute infract as compared to conventional MR (T2 & FLAIR). Other detected lesions include Meningioma, Abscess, Encephalitis, Acute Hematoma, ADEM, Medulloblastoma & Subdural Empyema