ABSTRACT
Background: Coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) are a group of staph bacteria, which generally exist as normal flora of human skin and the oral flora found on mucous membranes. CoNS in immunocompromised pa?ents can cause variety of infec?ons like bacteraemia, central nervous system shunt infec?on, intravascular catheter-related infec?ons, endocardi?s, surgical site infec?ons, urinary tract infec?ons, foreign body infec?on, endophthalmi?s, peritoni?s and wound, bone and joint infec?ons as well as infec?ons in neonates. These infec?ons are difficult to treat because of the risk factors and the drug resistant nature of the organisms.Objec?ve:To find out species wise distribu?on of Coagulase nega?ve Staphylococci (CoNS) in various relevant clinical samples in our ins?tute. Materials and Method:A total of 500 CoNS strains were isolated from relevant clinical specimens. CoNS strains were isolated from variety of clinical specimens. Strains were iden?fied as CoNS on the basis of colony morphology, gram stain, catalase test and coagulase test. Conven?onal methods were used for species iden?fica?on a?er confirming isolates as CoNS. Results:The most common source of CoNS isola?on was blood (34%), followed by respiratory secre?ons (24.4%), urine (16.8%), pus (13.4%), swabs (5.4%), bodily fluid (1.4%), and others (4.6%). S.epidermidis was most frequently isolated (30.6%), followed by S.hemoly?cus (25.4%), S.hominis (12.6%), S.capi?s (12%), S.lugdunensis (11.4%) and S.cohnii (08%). Conclusion : As CoNS have become major cause of nosocomial infec?ons, there is a need for rapid iden?fica?on and specia?on of CoNS with their an?bio?c suscep?bility for be?er management of these cases and to prevent emergence of drug resistance.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Urinary tract infections (UTI) are the most common infection encountered in the life of an individual irrespective of age and sex. Varying degree of antibiotic resistance shown by uropathogens against the routinely used antibiotics in the therapeutic regimen is a serious concern in treatment of UTI. This study was aimed at the isolation and demonstration of antibiogram pattern of organism responsible for acute UTI. Materials and methods: Clean catched mid stream urine (CCMSU) specimens collected from patients of different age group were cultured on blood agar and Mac Conkey’s agar by standard loop culture method. These organisms were further identified by standard methods and antibiotic sensitivity was evaluated using Kirby Bauers disc diffusion method in accordance with CLSI guidelines. Results: A total of 1230 samples were collected from both males and females of age group 5 to 80. Among the total, 443 (36%) samples were positive for culture and showed significant bacteruria. Gram negative isolates were responsible for majority of infection and 86.9% isolates and Escherichia coli was the predominant among them (37.2%). Conclusion: Majority of the isolates showed resistance to drugs commonly used to treat UTI. Variations in sensitivity may be due to the inappropriate exposure of different localities as to antibiotics which can drive the development of resistance. From the results of this study, it is certain that choosing drugs for empiric treatment will be challenging as no single common drug can conveniently be recommended for UTI.
ABSTRACT
Aim: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is a fastidious gram negative cocco bacilli responsible for aggressive and chronic periodontitis as well as other systemic infections. In this study the usefulness of MALDITOF MS a proteomic based study was evaluated for the identification of A. actinomycetemcomitans isolates from orodental infections. Materials and methods: Fifty clinical isolates of A. actinomycetemcomitans obtained from orodental infections were subjected for identification with conventional as well as MALDITOF MS analysis. Results: All the isolates tested were accurately identified by the MALDITOF MS analysis. Among the 50 isolates 35 were identified at secure and probable species level and another 15 were identified at highly probable species level. Conclusion: MALDITOF MS is reliable, cost effective and rapid test for the identification of slow growing fastidious bacteria like A. actinomycetemcomitans compared with conventional methods
ABSTRACT
Aim: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans implicated in the etiology of aggressive, chronic periodontitis and other systemic infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial efficacy of essential oil of a traditional medicinal plant, Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr.perry (cloves) against the clinical isolates of A.actinomycetemcomitans obtained from the patients with orodental infections. Methodology: Essential oil of clove flower buds was distilled by Neo-Clevenger’s method and the antibacterial activity was tested by disc diffusion and agar punch well method. The minimum inhibitory concentration of clove oil was determined by micro broth dilution method. Results: 80.8% of the isolates showed sensitivity against clove oil by disc diffusion technique and the minimum inhibitory concentration of clove oil was ranged between 3.125μl/ml to 12.5μl/ml. Conclusion: Essential oil of Syzygium aromaticum showed good antibacterial activity and can be considered as alternative treatment option for control of periodontitis and other orodental infections caused by A.actinomycetemcomitans.