ABSTRACT
Caudal regression syndrome is a very rare neural tube disorder, in which the caudal vertebral column and spinal cord develop abnormally, causing substantial sensory and motor deficits, primarily in the legs. An abnormality in the spinal cord and nerve roots interacts with a section of lumbar, lumbosacral, or coccygeal spinal dysgenesis or agenesis. Here, we present a rare case of caudal regression syndrome in a 3-year-old male child who was brought to the pediatrics department with a serious complaint of urine dribbling since infancy. The infant was discovered with spina bifida, lumbar scoliosis, and cavus deformity in both feet during a routine health check. For which, a neurological opinion was taken. Plain X-ray revealed a partial sacral agenesis, MRI revealed anterior and posterior nerve roots of cauda equina divided into two bundles of fibers due to abnormal path. The lower back and both gluteal areas were underdeveloped. On the basis of radiological findings, a diagnosis of the syndrome was confirmed.
ABSTRACT
Background: Prior to surgery it is very important that the surgeon is fully aware, and he should have the clear picture as to the extent of the disease and the nature of the disease to give satisfactory surgical outcomes for the patient. HRCT (High resolution computed tomography) is one such guiding tool for the surgeon. The objective was to study usefulness of HRCT scan in attico-antral disease in depicting the status of the middle ear structures.Methods: A total of 30 patients were studied. HRCT temporal bone was performed by using SIEMENS EMOTION 16 slice CT machine in axial plane and coronal images were reformatted. Findings of HRCT temporal bone were recorded. Findings of mastoid exploration surgery were recorded. Report of HRCT of temporal bone was correlated with surgical findings and tabulated using percentages.Results: Surgery showed cholesteatoma in 26 (86.6%) patients. Epitympanum was involved in 29 (96.6%) patients in HRCT and 30 (100%) patients at surgery. Extension beyond middle ear cleft was seen in 4 (13.3%) patients in HRCT and 5 (16.6%) patients at surgery. Tympanic segment of facial canal was the most commonly involved, showing erosion in 10 (33.3%) patients in HRCT and 12 (40%) patients at surgery. Lateral SCC was the most commonly involved in bony labyrinth seen in 4 (13.3%) patients in both HRCT and surgery. Erosion of dural plate was seen in 6 (20%) patients in HRCT whereas 9 (30%) patients showed dural plate erosion at surgery.Conclusions: HRCT of temporal bone plays a promising role in pre-operative assessment of cholesteatoma as it depicts the extent of the disease and integrity of most of the middle ear structures.
ABSTRACT
Background: All suspected cases of acute pancreatitis should undergo CT scan. It is non invasive and reliable. CT scan is able to give complete picture of acute pancreatitis. The objective of the presentMethods: The present study was hospital based. 60 cases with evidence of acute pancreatitis were included. They were studied for 3 years from June 2015 to May 2018. CT scan was performed in all cases. CT features of the pancreas were noted and described.Results: Acute pancreatitis incidence was four times more in males compared to females i.e. 80% vs. 20%. CT scan showed that pancreatic gland was normal only in 16.7% of the cases. The contour was irregular in 66.7% of the cases. Eight cases showed necrosis. Less than 30% three patients (10%) had grade A acute pancreatitis. 28 cases were showing Phlegmonous changes. In 24 cases it was observed that lesser sac was affected.Conclusions: Authors conclude that for grading and staging of the pancreatitis of acute nature, CT scan is must and is very helpful to the clinicians. CT scan helps not only in precise diagnosis but also in predicting the proper prognosis of the patients who are affected by the pancreatitis of acute in nature.