Frequency and risk factors of hepatitis C virus in pregnant women attending military hospital Rawalpindi

Objective: To determine the frequency of anti-Hepatitis C virus antibodies in pregnant ladies attending Military Hospital Rawalpindi and to analyze risk factors for disease acquisition in them

Study Design: Cross sectional study

Place and Duration of Study: Department of gynaecology and obstetrics Military Hospital Rawalpindi, from Feb 2013 to Jul 2013

Material and Methods: All pregnant ladies attending Military Hospital Rawalpindi were tested for anti HCV antibodies by third generation ELISA method and evaluation of potential risk factors for acquisition of HCV infection was done

Results: Six point ninety five percent of study population was found to be positive for anti HCV antibodies

Conclusion: Six point nine five percentage of study pregnant ladies were found to have anti HCV antibodies. These HCV positive pregnant women were more likely to have history of blood transfusion, therapeutic injection use and surgery

Frequency of hepatitis b virus among pregnant women attending military hospital Rawalpindi

Objective: To determine the frequency of hepatitis B viral markers among pregnant women attending Military Hospital Rawalpindi

Study Design: Cross sectional study

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Military Hospital Rawalpindi from Feb 2013 to Jul 2013

Material and Methods: A total of 9149 pregnant ladies were inducted in our study by non-probability convenient sampling in the Department of Gynae/Obs, Military Hospital Rwp during the study period and were tested for Hepatitis B surface antigen by enzyme linked immunosorbant assay [ELISA]

Results: The mean +/- SD age of the study group was 27.5 +/- 3.24 years. Frequency of hepatitis B surface antigen in pregnant ladies was 4.69%

Conclusion: The frequency of hepatitis B infection is quite high in pregnant women in Pakistan therefore proper screening of HBV and management programs must be introduced in all pregnant women attending ante natal clinics

Caustic ingestion injuries - at Military Hospital Rawalpindi

To study the pattern and endoscopic severity of caustic ingestion injuries presenting at Military Hospital Rawalpindi. Descriptive study. The study was conducted at Medical and Gastroenterology Department Military Hospital Rawalpindi from August 2012 to April 2013. Patients were selected from those who presented with caustic ingestion history in Medical OPD, ER and in medical wards. After informed consent the patient underwent upper gastrointestinal [GI] Endoscopy. Endoscopic findings were recorded. Out of 50 patients, 21 [42%] were males and 29 [58%] were females. Ingestion was accidental in 19 [38%] and was with intent of suicide or self-harm in 31 [62%] patients. Mean age was 33.2 years [SD +/- 13.2]. All the patients were subjected to upper GI endoscopy and findings were recorded. Endoscopic findings were grade 0 in 4 [8%], Grade 1 in 6 [12%], grade 2a in 7 [14%], grade 2b in 10 [20%], grade 3a in 6 [12%] and grade 3b in 17 [34%] patients. Caustic ingestion injuries were seen more in younger females with predominant cause as suicidal intent. On endoscopic examination severe corrosive injuries were more frequent

Comparison of efficacy of lignocaine anesthesia of vocal cords by [spray as you go] through a bronchoscope with lignocaine injection through the cricothyroid membrane

To assess and compare the efficacy of lignocaine anesthesia of vocal cords by [spray as you go] through a bronchoscope with lignocaine injection through the cricothyroid membrane. Quasi experimental study. This study was done in Combined Military Hospital Peshawar form May 2009 to June 2010. Thirty patients in each group were given local anesthesia to the vocal cords. With lignocaine either via intratracheal instillation through the cricothyroid membrane or through a fibreoptic bronchoscope [spray as you go]. A cough score was calculated by recording the number of coughs as the bronchoscope was advanced through the cords into the trachea. A twenty point unpleasantness score was marked by the patient 2 hours after the procedure. Cough score and unpleasantness score was compared among the two groups using SPSS version 19. Median unpleasantness score was 6 [Inter quartile range [IQR] 4-8] whereas median cough score was 2[IQR 0-3]. The difference was statistically significant among the two groups for both cough and unpleasant scores [p < 0.001 and p < 0.001 respectively]. Intratracheal injection of lignocaine is more comfortable for the patient. It induces much less cough and irritability to the patient than the [spray as you go] technique

comparison of pioglitazone with metformin in management of type 2 diabetes mellitus

To compare hypoglycemic effect of Pioglitazone and Metformin in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Quasi experimental study. Department of Medicine, Military Hospital Rawalpindi Cantt from 11-01-2007 to 12-08-2007. Sixty patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus from outdoor department were selected. On arrival at OPD each patient was examined thoroughly. Therapeutic option was allocated to the patients simply by using a table of random numbers and dividing them in two equal groups. Informed written consent was obtained. Each patient was followed on monthly subsequent visits [six in total] and his HbA1c, fasting and random blood glucose were recorded carefully. All the data thus obtained was processed and analyzed using SPSS version 10.0. Mean and SD were calculated for age, BMI, fasting blood glucose, random blood glucose and HbA1c levels. Mean drop of all three parameters were compared among two groups. At the end of six months, it was revealed that fasting and random [2 hours postprandial] blood glucose dropped more in Pioglitazone group; P=0.000 and 0.02 respectively. While almost comparable effect was observed in HbA1c [P=0.2]. Pioglitazone has significantly better hypoglycemic effect than Metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus at the end of six months therapy

Frequency of anti Hepatitis C Virus antibodies amongst sanitary workers in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan

To determine the frequency of anti Hepatitis C Virus antibodies in sanitary workers at Military Hospital Rawalpindi and to identify additional risk factors in them for hepatitis C infection. Cross sectional study. Department of medicine Military Hospital [M.H.], Rawalpindi Pakistan over six months. All sanitary workers working at Military Hospital Rawalpindi were tested for anti HCV antibodies by third generation ELISA six percent of the study population was found to be positive for anti HCV antibodies. The frequency of anti HCV antibodies is fairly high in sanitary workers working in this tertiary care hospital studied. HCV infection is more frequent in those sanitary workers who have longer duration of service