ABSTRACT
Pain is often debilitating, and current treatments are neither universally efficacious nor without risks. Transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels offer alternative targets for pain relief, but little is known about the regulation or identities of endogenous TRP ligands that affect inflammation and pain. Here, transcriptomic and targeted lipidomic analysis of damaged tissue from the mouse spinal nerve ligation (SNL)-induced chronic pain model revealed a time-dependent increase in Cyp1b1 mRNA and a concurrent accumulation of 8,9-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) and 19,20-EpDPA post injury. Production of 8,9-EET and 19,20-EpDPA by human/mouse CYP1B1 was confirmed in vitro, and 8,9-EET and 19,20-EpDPA selectively and dose-dependently sensitized and activated TRPA1 in overexpressing HEK-293 cells and Trpa1-expressing/AITC-responsive cultured mouse peptidergic dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. TRPA1 activation by 8,9-EET and 19,20-EpDPA was attenuated by the antagonist A967079, and mouse TRPA1 was more responsive to 8,9-EET and 19,20-EpDPA than human TRPA1. This latter effect mapped to residues Y933, G939, and S921 of TRPA1. Intra-plantar injection of 19,20-EpDPA induced acute mechanical, but not thermal hypersensitivity in mice, which was also blocked by A967079. Similarly, Cyp1b1-knockout mice displayed a reduced chronic pain phenotype following SNL injury. These data suggest that manipulation of the CYP1B1-oxylipin-TRPA1 axis might have therapeutic benefit.
ABSTRACT
Evaluar la influencia del corredor bucal y la exposición gingival en la percepción estética de la sonrisa de personas comunes pertenecientes a la Escuela de Sanidad Naval de la Marina de Guerra del Perú (ESNA û MGP), Bachilleres en Estomatología y Residentes de Ortodoncia de la Facultad de Estomatología de la Universidad Inca Garcilaso de la vega (FEST-UIGV). Materiales y Métodos: Se evaluó 105 personas con 35 sujetos por grupo evaluado. Se utilizó la fotografía de la sonrisa de una mujer, la cual fue modificada mediante el programa Adobe Photoshop con exposiciones gingivales (EG) de 0mm, +2mm, +4mm y corredor bucal (CB): estrecho; amplio y nulo. La percepción de los grupos de evaluadores fue determinada mediante una escala visual análoga (EVA). Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos (Anova-Tukey; p<0.05). Personas comunes, Bachilleres y Residentes prefieren sonrisas con EG 0mm y CB estrechos a nulos. Considerando sonrisas con EG 4mm y CB amplios, como sonrisas no atractivas. Conclusión: Tener CB mínimos o estrechos y EG de 0mm; es una característica estética preferida por la mayoría de personas comunes, mientras que las EG de 4mm y los CB amplios se deberían incluir en la lista de problemas durante el diagnóstico y el plan de tratamiento ortodóntico...
To evaluate the influence of buccal corridor and smile gingival on smile esthetics perception of laypersons from the Naval School of Health of the Navy of Peru (ESNA - MGP), graduates and residents of orthodontic (FEST-UIGV). Methods: The sample consisted of 105 persons with 35 subjects by group evaluator. To carry out the study was used a photography of the face during the smile of a woman with parameters close to ideal, which was modified by a computer specialist by the Adobe Photoshop program on 3 different levels of gingival exposure (EG): 0mm, +2 mm, +4 mm and 3 different types of buccal corridor (CB): narrow, wide and null. The perception of the three groups of raters was determined by a visual analog scale (VAS). Results: They found statistically significant differences among groups (Anova-Tukey; p< 0.05). Laypersons, graduates and residents prefer smiles with EG 0mm and CB narrows-null. Considering the smiles with EG 4mm and CB wides as unattractive smiles. Conclusion: CB minimal or narrow and EG 0mm; is a preferred aesthetic characteristic shared by most laypersons, while EG 4mm and CB wide should be included in the list of issues during diagnosis and orthodontic treatment plan...