Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus in Oral Lichen Planus and the Levels of Aminotransferase Hepatic Enzymes in Patients with Oral Lichen Planus

Background: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a relatively common skin and oral disease that manifests as a mucous reaction to a variety of etiologic factors, including autoimmune disease, drug reaction, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, hepatitis C virus (HCV), urolithiasis, psychogenic factors, and bacterial infection. It is one of the most frequent oral lesion found in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between HCV infection and OLP as there is a high prevalence of HCV infection in India, and to assess the levels of aminotransferase enzymes (SGPT/SGOT) in patients with OLP. Methods: The study consisted of 25 histopathologically confirmed patients of OLP and 25 subjects with age and sex matched healthy volunteers visiting the outpatient department of a dental hospital over a period of 1 year. All subjects in both groups were subjected to serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) and HCV antibodies detection. Results: The average HCV antibody between study and control group was statistically nonsignificant with p=0.965. The percentage of patients with elevated SGOT and SGPT values was higher among the OLP patients in the study group ((32.0%) i.e. >45 IU/L) in comparison to subjects in the control group (0%). Hence, SGOT and SGPT value was statistically significant (p value= 0.002). Conclusion: OLP in certain populations can be used as a marker for HCV infection in addition to transaminase hepatic enzymes level.

Larvicidal and irritant activities of hexane leaf extracts of Citrus sinensis against dengue vector Aedes aegypti L

Objective:To assess the larvicidal and irritant activities of the hexane extracts of leaves of Citrus sinensis (C. sinensis) against the early fourth instars and female adults of Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti). Methods: The larvicidal potential of the prepared leaf extract was evaluated against early fourth instar larvae of Ae. aegypti using WHO protocol. The mortality counts were made after 24 h and LC50 and LC90 values were calculated. The efficacy of extract as mosquito irritant was assessed by contact irritancy assays. Extract-impregnated paper was placed on a glass plate over which a perspex funnel with a hole on the top was kept inverted. Single female adult, 3-day old unfed/blood-fed, was released inside the funnel. After 3 min of acclimatization time, the time taken for the first take-off and total number of flights undertaken during 15 min were scored. Results: The citrus leaf extracts from hexane possessed moderate larvicidal efficiency against dengue vector. The bioassays resulted in an LC50 and LC90 value of 446.84 and 1 370.96 ppm, respectively after 24 h of exposure. However, the extracts were proved to be remarkable irritant against adults Ae. aegypti, more pronounced effects being observed on blood-fed females than unfed females. The extract-impregnated paper was thus proved to be 7-11 times more irritable as compared with the control paper. Conclusions:The hexane extracts from C. sinensis leaves are proved to be reasonably larvicidal but remarkably irritant against dengue vector. Further studies are needed to identify the possible role of extract as adulticide, oviposition deterrent and ovicidal agent. The isolation of active ingredient from the extract could help in formulating strategies for mosquito control.

Gingival crevicular fluid myeloperoxidase in periodontitis and pancreatic cancer / Níveis de mieloperoxidase no fluido crevicular gengival na periodontite e no câncer de pâncreas

Objetivo: Determinar a existência de associação entre os níveis de mieloperoxidase no fluido crevicular gengival (MFCG), periodontite e câncer de pâncreas. Método: Neste estudo duplo cego randomizado, 66 indivíduos de classe média foram divididos nos quatro grupos a seguir e tiveram os níveis de MFCG analisados: câncer de pâncreas com periodontite, câncer de pâncreas sem periodontite, periodontite sem câncer de pâncreas, e normal (33:33 mulheres:homens; faixa etária: 30-65 aos). A periodontite foi definida pela presença de pelo menos 7 dentes com profundidade de sondagem (PS) maior que 5 mm e perda óssea radiográfica perceptível maior que 30% nos sítios dentários, determinada por meio de uma série de radiografias intra-orais de boca completa. Medidas clínicas da severidade da doença periodontal, tais como sangramento à sondagem (SS), PS e perda do nível de inserção clínica (NIC), foram determinadas usando uma sonda periodontal convencional. Resultados: Os níveis médios de MFCG foram significantemente maiores nos pacientes com câncer de pâncreas e periodontite, em comparação aos outros pacientes. Os níveis médios de MFCG em pacientes sem câncer de pâncreas e pacientes com câncer de pâncreas e sem periodontite foram 0,68 ± 0,32 U/mL and 0,84±0,32 U/mL, respectivamente. Houve correlação positive entre os níveis de MFCG e as percentagens de SS, NIC e PS. Pacientes com câncer de pâncreas e periodontite apresentaram maiores percentagens de SS, PS e NIC em comparação aos pacientes sem câncer de pâncreas (p<0,05). Conclusão: A análise dos níveis de MFCG pode ser útil na detecção do risco de câncer de pâncreas em pacientes com periodontite.

Objective: To determine the association between levels of GCF myeloper oxidase (GM), periodontitis and pancreatic cancer. Method: This was a double blind randomized study. Sixty six subjects middle class divided into four group such as pancreatic cancer with periodontitis, pancreatic cancer without periodontitis, non pancreatic cancer with periodontitis and normal (33:33 M:F; range 30-65 years) were selected for the study were recruited for the study and GM levels were analyzed. Periodontitis in patients was defined of the presence of at least seven teeth with probing depth > 5mm and demonstrable radiographic bone loss >30 percent of tooth sites by a full mouth intraoal radiographic series. Clinical measures of the severity of periodontal disease, such as bleeding on probing, probing depth (PD) and loss of clinical attachment level (CL) were determined using a conventional periodontal probe. Results: GM levels were significantly higher in pancreatic cancer with periodontitis as compared to others. The mean GM level in non pancreatic cancer and pancreatic cancer without periodontitis were 0.68ñ0.32U/ml and 0.84ñ0.32 U/ ml, respectively. A positive correlation was noted between GCF meyloperoxidase and percentage of BP, CL and PD. Pancreatic cancer with periodontits, pancreatic exhibited greater BP, PD and CL as compared to non- pancreatic cancer (p<0.05). Conclusion: Thus, measurement of GM may prove to be useful in detection risk of pancreatic cancer in periodontitis patients.

The effect of smoking on gingival crevicular fluid levels of myeloperoxidase.

Objectives : To compare the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) myeloperoxidase (GM) levels in smokers and non-smokers. Materials and methods : This study comprised 45 subjects: (a) 12 smokers with periodontitis, (b) 10 non-smokers with periodontitis, (c) 11 smokers with healthy periodontium, and (d) 12 non-smokers with healthy periodontium were recruited for the study and their GM levels were analyzed. Results and conclusion : GM levels were significantly higher in smokers with periodontitis compared with others. Hence, more incidence of mutagenesis and cytotoxicity were noted at sites of inflammation mediated by GM in smokers compared with non-smokers.

Clinical periodontal profile in pre-eclampsia / Perfil clínico periodontal em pré-eclâmpsia

Objective: To investigate the association between periodontaldisease and pre-eclampsia. Methods: A method preliminary study was carried out on 25 pre-eclamptic women and 25 normotensive healthy, normotensive pregnant, women. The clinical parameters and missing teeth were determined. Data were analyzed by using SPSS version 7. Results: The mean pocket depth and missing teeth (periodontal disease characteristics) for pre-eclampsia patients were not significant as ompared those of normotensive. Conclusion: The present study shows that maternal periodontal disease during pregnancy is not associated with increased risk for development of pre-eclampsia. The nature of both preeclampsia and periodontitis is multi factorial, and caution should be exercised when implicating periodontal disease in causation of pre eclampsia.

Objetivo: Investigar a associação entre doença periodontal e pré eclâmpsia. Método: O estudo foi desenvolvido em 25 mulheres pré eclâmpticas e em 25 mulheres grávidas normotensas, saudáveis. Avaliou-se alguns parâmetros clínicos e a perda dentária. Os dados foram analisados por meio do SPSS versão 7. Resultados: A profundidade média da bolsa periodontal e perda dentária (características da doença periodontal) nas pacientes pré-eclâmpitcas não foi estatisticamente significante quando comparadas as gestantes normotensas. Conclusão: Este estudo mostrou que a doença periodontal durante a gravidez não está associada com o aumento no risco para o desenvolvimento de pré eclâmpsia. A etiologia de ambas as patologias - pré-eclâmpsia e periodontite é multifatorial e deve-se ter cautela ao se relacionar a doença periodontal como causa da pré-eclâmpsia.

Periodontal Disease and Coronary Heart Disease.

The epidemiological cohort randomized studies have demonstrated an association between periodontal disease and coronary heart disease. The study was conducted on 241 subjects with verified CHD from a Department of Cardiology and 50 subject without CHD from Govt. Dental College PGIMS, Rohtak. Information on diabetic states, smoking habits, alcohol consumption and lipid profile was obtained. Full month probing depth, clinical loss of attachment and bleeding on probing was performed.The CHD group had a significantly higher probing depth, clinical loss of attachment and bleeding on probing while lipid profile become opposite as compared to non-CHD group. Clinical loss of attachment increase with risk factors such as smoking, alcoholism, male,increasing age, triglycerides and HDL-C levels. The present study showed a positive association between periodontal disease&CHD in agreement with previous studies.