ABSTRACT
The current study was carried out to examine in-vitro antimicrobial, antioxidant and antibiofilm efficacy of Peppermint essential oil (PEO) for its potential application in meat products. Antimicrobial activity was measured by using zone inhibition assay (ZOI) and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) against ten food borne pathogens including four Gram-positive viz. Listeria monocytogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus and six Gram-negative viz. Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, Klebsiella pneumonia, Shigella flexneri, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa whereas antioxidant assay was measured using 1,1 diphenyl-2 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2-2- azinobis-3 ethylbenthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activity. Maximum zone size was observed for Proteus mirabilis whereas, MIC values ranged from 5000-20000 ppm for all tested organisms. The oil was found to be more effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. Antibiofilm activity (%) was also performed against pure cultures of two pathogens i.e. Listeria monocytogenes and Proteus mirabilis as positive control. The results exhibited that with application of PEO, biofilm formation of both Listeria monocytogenes and Proteus mirabilis was inhibited by 45.80% and 73.01%, respectively in contrast to their respective controls. ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activity of PEO was measured at five different concentrations and values were ranging from 17.24-49.07% for ABTS whereas 35.16 – 60.70% for DPPH under investigation. It can be concluded that peppermint essential oil possesses potent antimicrobial, antioxidant and antibiofilm activity and can be further used as a natural alternative for preservation in meat industry
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Placenta is related to mother and foetus viaindirect interaction with maternal blood that spurts out ofuteroplacental vessels. By study of placental bed newinformation has come to light, especially for pre – eclampsiaand intra uterine fetal growth retardation.Aim: To study changes in basement membrane in pregnancyinduced hypertensive and normotensive placentae.Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted inthe Department of Anatomy, MMMCH, Kumarhatti, Solan tostudy the histological changes in placenta in pregnancyinduced hypertensive parturients as compared to normotensivesubjects. It was based on 100 cases, 25 from normotensivesubjects (control group) and 75 from clinically proven cases ofpregnancy induced hypertension (study group).An attempt was made to see any changes in histologicalfeatures of placentae of pregnancy induced hypertensive casesand compare it with normotensive placentae.Results and Conclusion: The microscopic study showedsignificant thickening of basement membrane in PIH placentae.As compared to normotensive placentae (control) and are dueto occlusion or narrowing of utero placental vasculaturesuggesting thereby compromised foeto – placental circulation.
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ackground: There are a number of lesions that could affect the stomach varying from dyspepsia to highly lethal cancers; that can be chronic and incapacitating or merely an occasional discomfort or asymptomatic. Objective: The study was done to establish a correlation between endoscopic findings and histopathological characteristics of the various pathological gastric lesions. Methods: The study was a prospective study and done on 150 affected patients in 2 years. The endoscopic biopsy was taken from number of points of suspicious lesion for histopathologic diagnosis of the type of gastric lesions. The biopsies were fixed in formalin and adequately processed. The sections were stained with routine Haematoxylin and Eosin stain. Giemsa staining for H.pylori was also done. Results: In this study the most common clinical indications for endoscopic biopsy were pain epigastrium (82.0%) and dyspepsia (67.3%) with mean age of 54.25 and male predominance (1.9:1). The various gastric lesions were chronic gastritis (66.0%), adenocarcinoma (8.0%), no specific diagnosis (8.0%), dysplasia (4.7%), hyperplastic polyp (4.7%), acute on chronic gastritis (3.3%), eosinophilic gastritis (2.0%), acute gastritis (1.3%), intestinal metaplasia (1.3%) and chronic atrophic gastritis (0.7%). Conclusion: H. pylori is most commonly associated with acute on chronic gastritis.
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The National Health Mission (NHM, previously called National Rural Health Mission) was launched by Government of India in 2005 to make architectural correction of the Health system. One of the primary Goals of the Mission was to reduce Under five Mortality rate (U5MR) vis a vis Global commitment made under Millennium development Goals especially Goal numbering 4. Although, India still contributes to about one fifth of U5MR and Maternal Mortality rate but unfortunately it contributes to one third of Global Neonatal Mortality Rate. In sheer numbers alone, these rates are alarming. However, India has achieved a faster pace of reduction in U5MR by 46.5% in comparison to 41% for the entire world. In this article, data from Sample Registration System of the Registrar General of India which is available for most of the States/UTs has been analyzed for child health indicators in the country. In the next NHM phase, focused efforts need to be made with state specific Goals so as that the desired targets could be achieved.
ABSTRACT
Empathy deficit is a core feature of schizophrenia which may lead to social dysfunction. The present study was carried out to investigate functional and structural abnormalities associated with empathy in patients with schizophrenia using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and voxel-based morphometry (VBM). A sample of 14 schizophrenia patients and 14 healthy control subjects matched for age, sex and education were examined with structural highresolution T1-weighted MRI; fMRI images were obtained during empathy task in the same session. The analysis was carried out using SPM8 software. On behavioural assessment, schizophrenic patients (83.00±29.04) showed less scores for sadness compared to healthy controls (128.70±22.26) (p<0.001). fMRI results also showed reduced clusters of activation in the bilateral fusiform gyrus, left lingual gyrus, left middle and inferior occipital gyrus in schizophrenic subjects as compared to controls during empathy task. In the same brain areas, VBM results also showed reduced grey and white matter volumes. The present study provides an evidence for an association between structural alterations and disturbed functional brain activation during empathy task in persons affected with schizophrenia. These findings suggest a biological basis for social cognition deficits in schizophrenics.
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A case of secondary dural arteriovenous fistula presenting as infantile stroke, in a fifteen month old boy, is reported. The initial impression on CT scan in this case was misleading, due to the atypical appearance of the pathological periventricular blood vessels, interpreted as periventricular calcification.