[Determining the frequency of prenatal factors in infant mortality in Tehran during 2009-2010]

The worldwide annual incidence of neonatal mortality has been estimated as 3.7 million. Most of these deaths occur in the first 28 days of birth and in developing countries. We aimed to estimated prevalence of different related risk factors of neonatal death. A community based cross-sectional study was performed. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was administered and 3768 data bases were recorded. Information was collected on neonatal and maternal age at the time of delivery, neonatal gender, place of delivery, head of the family, place of living, place of neonatal death, method of neonatal admission, type of delivery, etc. In this 3768 files related to neonatal deaths were evaluated. Mean maternal age was 24.1 +/- 4.15 yrs [16-38 yrs]. Mean number of deliveries was 2.8 +/- 1.9 [1-12 deliveries]. Mean neonatal apgar score of the first minute was 5.2 +/- 2.7, while apgar score of the 5[th] minute was 7.3 +/- 3.2. Mean neonatal weight was 1250 +/- 322 gm [527-1620 gm]. The main aim of the present study was to identify the factors related to neonatal mortality. These factors were mostly neonatal infections, premature labor, and low birth weight

[Endoscopic evaluation of pterygopalatine fossa in adult Iranian cadavers]

Our aim in this study was to recognize the endoscopic anatomy of the Pterygopalatine fossa [PPF] and the anatomic variations of the related neurovascular structures, to define the endoscopic endonasal approach to this region. In a case series study 17 fresh adult cadavers were studied by endoscopic endonasal approach. To reach the pterygopalatine fossa endonasally, we performed the antrostomy and uncinectomy in all cadavers. The medial and posterior walls of the maxillary sinus were defined and studied. The internal maxillary artery and pterygopalatine ganglion and the other nerves were exposed. The posterior wall of maxillary sinus was opened to expose the pterygopalatine fossa and its neurovascular contents, which were studied and documented . Mean, median, range, standard deviation, frequency and frequency percentage were determined using statistical software SPSS V.19 and using descriptive analyses. For comparison of qualitative averages, independent t test was used after the normal distribution of data was tested to determine whether it is followed by 1-sample KS; and -Chi square statistical test was used for the comparison of qualitative ratios. In all tests, significance level was considered as two tails and p value less than 0.05. The PPF was easily approached by endoscopic transnasal transmaxillary approach. The PPF region was best exposed by the middle meatus tranasal approach. In the PPF infraorbital nerve, vidian nerve, greater palatine nerve, the infraorbital artery, internal maxillary artery, sphenopalatine artery, descending palatine artery, posterior superior alveolar artery and buccal artery were exposed. During the endoscopic transnasal transmaxillary approach to the PPF, it is possible to face wide range of variations in every phase of the approach but they are similarities at the base. Understanding the anatomy of this region and the neurovascular relations from the endoscopic view by cadaver dissections, will help us to perform more controlled and safe surgery

[ relation of idiopathic Hematuria in pregnancy and preeclampsia in nulliparus women]

As there are some limited studies, we aimed to evaluate the relation between Idiopathic hematuria and preeclampsia in Iranian nuliparas. 400 women between 11th and 21th weeks of pregnancies without UTI and other kidney disease were enrolled. 200 women, had shown Idiopathic hematuria, matched by age and other condition to others. Mean, median, range, standard deviation, frequency and frequency percentage were determined using statistical software SPSS V.19 and descriptive analyses. For comparison of qualitative means, independent T test was used after the normal distribution of data to determine .It is followed by 1-sample KS. K.s-Ttest-Chi square statistical test was used for the comparison of qualitative ratios. In all tests, significance level was considered as two tails, and p<0. 05. 31 of hematuric pregnants [15.4%] and 14 of non-hematuric women [7.2%], developed preeclampsia. Which was significant [PR=1.91, p=0.002 and has shown a two- fold increased risk of preeclampsia among hematuric women. However there were no significant correlation between gestational hypertension and hematuric event [PR=0.69, p=0.12]. Idiopathic hematuria identified during pregnancy is associated with greater risk of preeclampsia but not gestational hypertension