Alteration of hematological and immunological parameters in rabbits treated with parathion

Organophosphorus compounds [OP's] increase endogenous acetylcholine levels by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase. Their suppression of the immune responses might be due to direct action of acetylcholine on the immune system. To investigate the effect of organophosphorus pesticide, parathion [0.2 mg/kg/day] for 14 consecutive days on the hematological parameters and the immune response of rabbits after different time intervals [1 hour, 24 hours, 1 week, 2 weeks and 4 weeks after the end of treatment]. Blood samples were analyzed for hemoglobin content [Hb], packed cell volume [PCV], erythrocytes and leukocytes. The cellular immunity was assessed by lymphocyte proliferation response to mitogens; phytohemagglutinin [PHA] and lipopolysaccharide [LPS] and humoral immunity was measured by plaque-forming cell [PFC] generation and hemagglutination titer [HA]. Also, nonspecific immunity was assayed by phagocytic activity. They showed that parathion caused a significant increase of total leukocytes and monocytes, while blood erythrocytes, Hb and PCV were insignificantly reduced. Parathion caused a pronounced suppressive effect on the cellular immunity [lymphocyte proliferation response to PHA and LPS] and humoral immunity [PFC and HA]. Also, a significant reduction in nonspecific immunity was observed. The suppressive effect of parathion on immune response was time dependent. The results of the present study suggested that the determinations of hematological and immunological parameters are useful tools for evaluating the toxic effects of parathion on animals

Biochemical effects of a single herbicides alchlor and butachlor on female mice

The in vivo effects of a single oral dose of 2 herbicides, alachlor and butachlor [120 and 174 mg/kg, respectively], on 5 enzymes and 2 neurotransmitters were investigated in female mice after 1, 3, 5 and 7 days of administration of the herbicides. Both alachlor and butachlor caused significant activation of liver glutathione S-transferase [GST] at all times. Liver acid phosphatase [AcP] was slightly stimulated one day after the administration of herbicides, then decreased by time compared with untreated mice. Hepatic carboxylesterase [Ca E] was slightly, but not significantly, increased at all times. Serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase [GOT] and glutamate pyruvate transaminase [GPT] were not significantly altered by the tested herbicides. Both alachlor and butachlor caused slight elevation of the concentration of eurotransmitters, L-glutamate and gamma- aminobutyric acid [GABA]

Aluminum cation feed toxicity to male mice

Alumnum phosphide is used in fumigation, where phosphin is liberated and AL [OH][3] is formed as a secondary residue which may contaminate wheat or flour. The toxic effect of Al residue of 0.2 gm/kg/b.wt. in administered wheat [173-183 gm/mice] was investigated. Acetyl cholinesterase [AChE] wa not significantly affected. Both acid and alkaline phosphatases [APas and AlPase] were slightly stimulated. On the other hand, adenosine triphosphatae [ATPase] activity and levels of the Neurotransmitters amino acids gamma-amino butric acid [GABA] and glutamic acid were significantly inibited suggesting that these biochemical targets may be the main site of action of Al toxicity

simple method for production of specific antibodies to carbaryl

Succinated derivatives of carbaryl were firstly prepared. The succination process was achieved by incubating the carbaryl with succinic anhydride in pyridine at room temperature for 3 days. The carbaryl derivatives were then coupled covalently to bovine serum albumin [BSA] by use of carbodiimide condensation and the reaction was carried out in aqueous pyridine. The protein-carbaryl-derivative binding was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis [SDS-PAGE] and UV absorbance. The carbaryl BSA conjugates were injected several times in rabbits and the obtained sera were checked for titer affinity and specificity using immunodiffusion technique. From the obtained results, it can be concluded that this method could be used as a simple and useful way for successful achievement of carbaryl-conjugate antibodies production

effects of thiodicarb and cypermethrin on some liver enzymes of rats

The effect of acute and chronic exposure of thiodicarb and cypermethrin on some hepatic enzymes; namely, cholinesterase [ChE], glutathione S-transferase [GST], acid phosphatase [AP], carboxylesterase [CE] and catalase [case] activities of albino rats have been studied. The ChE activity was significantly inhibited by thiodicarb in both single and repeated doses, but it was slightly and nonsignificantly inhibited by cypermethrin. The other tested enzyme activities were increased in treated animals when compared with control. Acid phosphatase activity were increased in treated animals when compared with control. Acid phosphatase activity was significantly stimulated in liver treated by thiodicarb, but insignificantly increased by cypermethrin. On the other h and, glutathione S-transferase and carboxylesterase activities were nonsignificantly altered by both insecticides. Thiodicarb and cypermethrin strongly stimulated the activity of catalase enzyme by about 70% when compared with control