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The Research Committee for the Meridian Point held its third workshop at the 57th Annual Meeting of the Japan Society Acupuncture and Moxibustion in Kyoto. Evaluations and reports were presented on two topics.<BR><BR>The first topic:Study of PSC in Japan and China.<BR> 1) Literature search on PSC in China (Wang):A literature search on major studies on PSC in China since 1979 was conducted. The report introduces the definition, characteristics and the mechanism of PSC development together with meridian phenomena.<BR><BR> 2) PSC in reference to the ryodoraku (Morikawa):Development of the reactive ryodo point in patients under hemodialysis or those who have had a total gastrectomy and the cases in which reactive ryodo points or needle sensation developed when specific regions were stimulated were reported. The relationship between reactive ryodo points and PSC was examined. <BR><BR> 3) The mechanism by which PSC develops (Yamada):Neurotransmitter substances are released from sensory nerve endings during acupuncture stimulation. Absorbed by lymphatic vessels, these substances stimulate the smooth muscle of these vessels, thus causing the PSC. Based on factors such as transmission velocity and inhibitory factors, the mechanism by which PSC develops was investigated.<BR><BR>The second topic:Specific locations of meridian points and clinical effects of the meridian point.<BR> 1) Anatomical regions for GB 30 huantiao (Ozaki and Matsuoka):In establishing the international standard for the meridian points under the guidance of WHO, both Chinese and Japanese proposals were listed for GB 30. The clinical effects-presumably emanating from the subcutaneous structure when acupuncture stimuli are applied to these points in a direction perpendicular to the body surface-were comparatively evaluated. <BR><BR> 2) Transition in the regions and main effects of GB 30 (Sakaguchi):As stated above, both Japanese and Chinese definitions were cited in establishing the international standard for GB 30 under the guidance of WHO. By quoting the classic literature from China and Japan, changes in the regions and main effects of GB 30 were comparatively evaluated.
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Six members of the Research Committee for the Meridian Point (former Committee for the Meridian Point) reported on three themes regarding meridian and acupuncture point at Workshop II of the 54th Science Rally of The Japan Society of Acupuncture and Moxibustion held in Fukuoka.<BR>1st theme : Anatomical examination of the meridian and meridian point.<BR>1) Anatomic structure showing path and meridian running. (Kenji Matsuoka) : Similarity of meridian pathway and course of nerve and blood vessels in cadaver.<BR>2) Gross anatomical study of meridian and acupuncture point in upper limbs (Kansho Yamada) : Doctoral study of Katsuyosi Toyoda, former Nagoya City University School of Medicine researcher and Yamada's study (Relation between running of meridian & acupuncture point and subdermal nerve & blood vessels) were reported.<BR>2nd theme : Study of acupuncture safety depth in Japan and China.<BR>1) Research and progress situation of acupuncture safety depth in China. (WANG Cai Yuan) : Data of Yan Zhenguo, professor of anatomy at Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, an authority on the study of acupuncture safety depth and progress situation of recent study of acupuncture safety depth in China.<BR>2) Retrospective study of acupuncture safety depth (Tomofumi Ozaki) : Study of acupuncture safety depth published by Ozaki to date and comparative study alongside Prof. Yan Zhenguo data.<BR>3rd theme : Examination of clinical effect of a few meridian points.<BR>1) Acupuncture clinical effect using a few meridian points (Syunji Sakaguchi) : Paper research and analysis of acupuncture clinical effects using 1-4 meridian points of Japana Centra Revuo Medicina.<BR>2) Inflence on skin energizing current by various acupuncture stimulation of LI4 (Gokoku) (Kazuhiro Morikawa) : Influence on the amount of skin energizing current by acupuncture stimulation, direct current electricity stimulation and stimulation of electroacupuncture to LI4.
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The Committee for the Meridian Point (Chairman, Kansho Yamada) focused on the significance of “the Meridian denial theory” which Hirohisa Yoneyama announced in 1952. Pros and cons emerged, and the so-called “Meridian controversy” raged for about two years. Documents relating to this controversy along with basic research on the meridian and the meridian point during the period were collected, arranged, examined, and presented at Workshop i of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Japan Society of Acupuncture and Moxibustion which was held in Tsukuba in June 2002. This is a condensed version of the reports.
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During the 23 years since this pain clinic was founded, 29, 458 patients have been treated here (about 385, 000 patient visits in total). In the earlier days, patients with whiplash injury (posttraumatic neck syndrome) were predominant. More males than females visited our clinic in those earlier days. Several years after this clinic opened, the percentage of female patients became higher (55% or more) than the percentage of male patients. Reflecting the social trend of an increase in the percentage of elderly people in the total population, the percentage of patients between 60 and 80 years of age has been increasing. Patients who visit this clinic live primarily in Osaka Prefecture. However, it is not uncommon that patients living in other prefectures of the Kinki district visit this clinic. Although patients visit our clinic because of various complaints, they often suffer from chronic, intractable complaints, such as low back pain, combined pain of the lower back and legs, and postherapuetic neuralgia. They often visit our clinic as a last resort for healing, after having consulted many other institutions. The duration of sickness among patients who visit our clinic is long (often over 5 years). Although the methods of treatment and the patients' responses vary, depending on their diseases, the combination of nerve block with acupuncture seems to be more effective on pain. We have utilized various techniques of acupuncture, including the in situ needle acupuncture, low-frequency therapy, SSP therapy, laser therapy and hyperthermia.
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In the present paper, we examined differences in therapeutic effectivenesses of venous methods of acupuncture, ranging from filiform needle to EAP, LFEA, laser and SSP, in cases with shoulder stiffness. The immediate and delayed effect of each method, comfortableness during treatment session, changes in temperature, blood flow, and the oxygen density at the Jianjing and Hegu point were examined.<br>Significant improvement was seen in every therapeutic method. Electrical acupuncture using direct current was most effective. No difference were evident among SSP, low-frequencey electro-acupuncture and filiform needle. There was a correlation between confortableness and the improvement rate in electrical acupuncture using direct current and laser acupuncture. Deep temperature, blood flow and the degree of oxygen saturation of the stimulated part tended to increasd in each case.
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The authors carried out neurometry and CMI investigation on 512 subjects in June and July '87. The subjects were devided into four groups according to the CMI criteria by Fukamachi: CMI. I Diagnosed to be normal, II Provisionally to be normal, III Provisionally diagnosed to be neurotic, IV Diagnosed to be neurotic. Comparison was done not only among these groups, but also among age groups and between male and female.<br>Although there were no great differences among the group I, II and III, each current through F2, F4, F5 and F6 significantly decreased from the group I to IV (p<0.01). A similar tendency was seen in F2 and F6 of the male subjects in each age group, but no tendency in the female subjects.
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It is presumed that oversensitivity to cold is derived from the imbalance of the autonomic nervous system. As a result of the cold condition, the patient may complain of various other problems as well. According to oriental medicine, the main origin of oversensitivity to cold is the invasion of cold, an external evil. In neurometry, this symptom is depicted by low measurement values. Before each treatment session we performed neurometry to assess the patient's condition. Then we performed general Ryodoraku regulation therapy, using a 60mm length, 0.24mm diameter needle as a 200μA (12V) negative electrode for 7 seconds. withI the objective of tonifying and warming the body. In addition, we performed half-rice grain size moxibustion 7 flashing moxas on the special effective extraordinary meridian points. Hanfeng, Lisanli, and main meridian points Fengmen, Zhishi. Neurometry revealed that oversensitivity to cold is related to values of the F, Ryodoraku which are lower than the normal physiological range. The treatment indicated by neurometry proved to be successful in increasing the F, Ryodoraku values.
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The direction of echo sensation of each acupoint was examined on the patients who showed obvious meridian phenomenon.<br>The heart meridian and large intestine meridian were chosen. Echo sensation propagating both directions, i. e. afferently and efferently, was seen most often, then afferently only and efferent only followed.<br>The direction of echo sensation did not neccesarilycoincide with that of meridian stream.
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Authors evaluated which factor among age, sex and season influences each Ryodoraku, and to what extent, using socalled healthy children.<br>METHOD<br>Ryodorakumeasurement was conducted on the same subjects in two different seasons. Comparison was done between groups divided according to their sex andage. The measured value of skin electro-resistance at the Ryodoraku representative measuring points and excitation-inhibition frequency were analyzed using single- and multi-variate data analysis.<br>RESULT<br>1) Each group showed slightly different Ryodoraku characteristics.<br>2) The differences among each group were greatest between the two seasons and rather big between years, however, small between male and female.<br>3) These tendencies werejobserved in both analyses using the measured values and using frequency.
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The authors conducted neurometory of 78 so-called healthy adults throughout the year. Electrical skin resistance (amperage) was measured at the representative measurement points of the ryodoraku. In order to clarify how this resistance changes with months and which ryodoraku is related to the comparison of month groups, the results were analized using discriminatory analysis which is one technique of multivariate data analysis. The primary discriminant function explained the fluctuation of 63.7%, and is related to the ratio of H4 and H6 to F4. The secondary discriminant function explained the fluctuation of 20.2%, and is related to the ratioI of F2 and F4 to H2. In the second-dimensional distribution, the cold season group (April, November, December, January) was against the warmIseason group (June, July, September), and intermediate season group (May, October). However, April wasjrather specific, that is, apart from the other cold seasons. Further observations must be done with regard to seasonal fluctuation.
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A statistical study on effects of laser-puncture was carried out. In addition, an attempt was made to compare between the effect of acupuncture and this method. The treatments were under-taken for various chronic and acute cases with pain. In the laser-puncture treatment, two types of laser (<i>i, e.</i> low energy 10mW laser and 70mW sharp laser) were used. Laser-beam was given to 20-30 points which were located in painful areas, innervating nerve areas and remote areas for 40 sec for each.<br>In the open study, 10mW laser-puncture was effective (including ‘rather effective’) in 64% of the cases, and 70mW laser-puncture 73%. In the blind test, ‘the day’ evaluation showed that the laser-punctures were more effective than placebo treatment: 10mW laser-puncture was effective in 80% of the cases, and placebo in 67%. 70mW laser-puncture was effective in 87% of them, and placebo in 80%. <i>In situ</i> acupuncture was effective in 97%, and no effect was seen in 7%.<br>Only ‘the day’ evaluation in the open study showed that 70mW laser-puncture was more effective than 10mW one. In the blind best, 10mW and 70mW laser-puncture were more effective than placebo, and in situ acupuncture was more effective than the laser-punctures, but there were no significant differences among the three treatmets.
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The term, propagated sensation along the channels (PSC) means the peculiar sensation expeerienced by some people along thier meridians when given acupunctural stimulation of acupoints.<br>In the present study, the incidence of PSC in outpatients who were undergoing acupuncture treatment was investigated.<br>Low frequency electrical stimulation was performed through press needles at twenty-six points: the twelve terminal points of the twelve regular meridians and the Inner-Zhiyin points of both sides. PSC was assessed on a four-grade basis after the manner carried out in China.<br>The incidence of PSC was significantly high among the outpatients compared with that among healthy youth. Patients with hypertension or posttraumatic neck syndrome showed higher incidence of PSC than the other patients.
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We investigated changes of the amperage on the dorsalis by the hand acupuncture under the condition of DC 12 volt, 200uA when both electrodes are connected.<br>(Method) We leaved a stainless steel needle, 25mm lenght and 0.26mm in diameter, on the first lumbar and thigh region point of 16 healthy adults for 10min. 2×2cm aluminum foil coated with keratin cream was used as a elcectrode for the measurement. We measured in pre-practice, post-practice, 10min, 20min, and 30min. The measurement velues in every time were examined by means principal component analysis.<br>(Results) Acupuncture stimulation on the first lumbar and thigh region point showed the tendency of operation upon the symmetric L4resion.
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Purpose<br>An organism receives internal and external stimuli successively. If the function of the organism become abnormal, the abnormality is projected on its body surface. Accordingly the condition of the organism's function can be grasped by palpation or other objective measuring methods.<br>Among these methods, we commonly put skin-electroresistance meters in clinical use.<br>However, the variation of the organism's function in a healthy condition has not been quantitatively grasped, while there are data on the variation of the values obtained from sick patients.<br>The purpose of this study is to investigate the variation of values obtained from subjects in a healthy condition in order to grasp the abnormal variation of values more exactly.<br>Method<br>Subjects were sixth-year pupils of Osaka Municial Elementary School of Higashi Awaji. Neurometory was sutomatically recorded at the regular points 0.75 second after the onset of the measurement, with a neurometer (Improved Model D-401; Noiro Ika Kogyo Inc.) adjusted at 12V, 200mV.<br>Result<br>Excited H<sub>6</sub> large intestine channels, and inhibited F<sub>2</sub> liver channels and F<sub>6</sub> stomach channels were frequently seen as in the same time of other years.<br>Unlike adult subjects, the current intensity was low in the Yong meridians of the hand (H4, 5, 6), and high in the Yin meridians of the hand and the foot (H1, 2, 3, F1, 2, 3).
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In order to investigate the meridian phenomenon elicited by the stimulation on auricular acupuncture point, a patient, 58-year old, in whom marked meridian phenomena are observed on the body was selected as a subject.<br>The stimuli were ginen by means of a low frequency electrical stick method on the 210 auricular-points of the left ear.<br>The echo sensation to the remote district from the auriculo-points stimulated was observed in about 30% of the total points.<br>In 4.3%, the site to which echo sensation reached corresponded to the response organ that is expresed in the name of point. A point named “anesthetic point for tooth extraction” was one of the representatives.<br>The comfortable feeling over head, eyes, and whole body was also observed when stimulation was given to these points.
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In order to clarify the physiological nature of the local differences in the skin electroconductivity we measured transcutaneous electric current on the representative (determinate) points of Ryodo-Raku (by Y. Nakatani) which correspond to so-called Genketu of traditional Chinese medicine with a wet electrode of 1cm in diameter in the condition of D. C. 12 volts and 200 uA when, both electrodes are directly connected. Eighty-two healthy adults were tested once and four other healthy adults were tested daily for eight days. We analysed mathematically the values of measurements by the principal component analysis.<br>As a result, we found that the electroconductivity of the skin in the upper and lower limbs both, and volar and dorsal sites of the upper limb changed independently each other and showed from rough to close interrelations according to the orders as above-mentioned.
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We treated a patient (aged 57, a housewife, traumatic cervical syndrome), to be called a meridian sensitive patient, who displayed definite meridian phenomenon.<br>In the patient, a type of meridian phenomena, Phenomenon of Propagated Sensation along the Channels (PSC), was examined. Reffering the Nagahama and Maruyama's method and the method used in China, we employed a method whereby a pressure stimulus was applied with a press needle alternately to <i>the terminal point</i> on each of <i>the 12 regular meridians</i> as well as to a certain point on each of <i>the extra meridians</i>.<br>As a result, the following coincidence rates of PSC and the classical meridians were obtained:<br>20% <i>(the small intestine meridian, the posterior median extra meridian, the impetuous pulse</i> and <i>the extra meridian around the waist)</i> of all the 20 meridians were almost entirely coincident.<br>55% of all the meridians were partly coincident.<br>25% <i>(the spleen pancreas meridian, the heart meridian, the pericardium meridian, the lung meridian</i> and the <i>anterior midline meridian)</i> were not coincident.
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In the previous paper, we reported on the pathways of PSC and also upon the coincedent rates of PSC and the classical meridians.<br>In this paper, some remarkable observations on the PSC of the same patient are reported on: the echo sensation of PSC on <i>the posterior median extra meridian, the inn-ue extra meridian</i> and <i>the regular meridians</i>, excepting <i>the heart meridian</i>, reached to the head where the patient had her chief complaint. The farthest traveled echo sensation of PSC was on <i>the inn-ue extra meridian</i> and the broadest on <i>the kidney meridian, the bladder meridian</i> and <i>the yan-wei extra meridian</i>. PSC displayed body symetry and reproducibility. Fingerpressure applied at a point along the path of echo sensation served to interrupt the sensation over an area immediately following that point. The spatial length of PSC was enlarged by heating the area in question.
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In China, for years they have been studying the PSC to investigate scientifically the substance of traditional meridians. As we had been to there, we learned how to investigate it. According to their method we did it in Japan.<br>Objects were 340 healthy youths. The stimulated points were the well points in each meridian. The low frequency electroacupuncture (5-20Hz) was given to these points 30 minutes. Objects showed us their sensation or orally or by gesture.<br>We divided the result into 4 stages according to the chinese method;<br>salient…5 (1.5%)<br>comparatively salient…3 (0.9%)<br>slightly salient…7 (2.0%)<br>Non-salient…325 (95.6%)<br>In China, by the way, objects were 1, 000 people and it was 1.3%, 1.8%, 15.2% and 81.7%.<br>In this study, though it showed a low incidence of about 4.4% (about 18% in China), it was found that there was a phenomenon of the PSC.
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Introduction<br>Using a low frequency current radiation together with acupuncture, we observed the effect of acupuncture.<br>Method<br>To the same patients, we administered it ante, in and post acupuncture for the purpose of detecting and comparing their pleasant sensation among these three methods.<br>Effect<br>Many patients felt it better ante and post acupuncture. It was better ante acupuncture to those patients receiving acupuncture for the first time. The experienced, on the contrary, acknowledged that they felt it better post acupuncture.