Extraction of items identifying hiesho (cold disorder) and their utility in young males and females / 中西医结合学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Hie (cold sensation) is one of the most common health complaints in Japan. Those who suffer from severe hie are considered as having hiesho (cold disorder). However, exact hiesho symptoms have not been defined clearly and the decision as to whether a person suffers from hiesho is subjective and based on self-awareness. The study was conducted in attempt to develop a standardized hiesho diagnostic scale.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Subjects comprised 1 146 students. From the self-awareness of hiesho symptoms, males and females were divided into hiesho and non-hiesho groups. Physical, behavioral and adaptive characteristics were compared using the 24-item questionnaire (four-grade survey) and indicators for hiesho symptoms were extracted. Based on the scores, a receiver operating characteristic curve was drawn for the total ordinal scale score of the extracted items in relation to the presence and absence of hiesho symptoms, and an optimal cutoff value was determined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The self-awareness of having hiesho was found in 23.2% males and in 55.6% females. The sensitivity was 84.5% for males and 83.3% for females in the hiesho groups, and the specificity was 86.0% for males and 85.2% for females in the non-hiesho groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A questionnaire consisting of the extracted items may be useful to identify hiesho in young males and females with a high level of accuracy.</p>

Effects of Electro-Acupuncture Therapy (EAT) to the Lower Limbs of Young Women who Suffer from Chilly Constitution (‘Hie’symptoms)—As judged by bodily pain (BP) score of Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form-8 Survey (SF-8)— / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

Objective  We examined the effects of low frequency electro-acupuncture therapy (EAT) on young women who suffered from‘Hie’symptoms, which were judged according to the national normal value of bodily pain (BP) scores from a ”Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form-8 Survey“ (SF-8). Subjects and Methodology  The experimental subjects were 20 women (mean age: 21.2 years old; range: 18-26 years old) who exhibited symptoms of ‘Hie’ symptoms (vasomotor dysfunction) and whose toes’skin temperature increased or showed a different reaction between right and left during a postural change test. A stainless steel acupuncture needle (length: 40 mm; diameter: 0.2 mm) was inserted approximately 15 mm deep at SP6 (Sanyinjiao, Saninko). EAT using an active electrode (the needle) at SP6 and a reference electrode (surface electrode) at the lateral-anterior aspect of the lower leg was applied at a frequency of 1 Hz for 20 minutes. The therapy was provided one session per week for a total of five sessions. Effects of the therapy were evaluated by using an original questionnaire (‘Hie’diary), which consisted of six categorical of 14 symptoms (including of‘Hie’) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) of‘severity of Hie’. Moreover, changes in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) by acupuncture were evaluated by using the SF-8 Standard Edition. Results  Subjects were grouped according to their SF-8 BP scores before the therapy: 12 subjects (L group) whose scores were less than the national normal value (42.75 points), and eight subjects (H group) whose scores were more than the national normal value. For both groups VAS levels showed no statistically significant changes, but for the L group the total score of 14 symptoms significantly decreased after the second therapy session compared with scores before the therapy. Moreover, the statistically significant decrease in the total score lasted for one month after the therapy had been finished. Compared with before therapy, the score of ‘vitality’ (VT) significantly increased for the L group one month after the therapy, and those of BP and ‘mental health’ (MH) significantly increased for the L group just after and one month after the therapy. Conclusions  EAT at SP6 on young women with ‘Hie’ symptoms (vasomotor dysfunction) contributes to improvement in overall condition and health-related QOL, and it is occluded that the effect of the EAT was high, because HRQOL was low (the score of BP was low).

Effects of Electro-Acupuncture Therapy to Lower Limbs on Chilly Constitution (‘Hie’Symptoms) —Comparison by the presence or absence of vasomotor dysfunction— / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

Objective: We examined the effects of low frequency electro-acupuncture therapy (EAT) in young women with‘Hie’symptoms, which were classified according to the presence of the vasomotor dysfunction as determined by the postural change test. Subjects and Methods: Subjects were 43 women (mean age, 21.2 years) who exhibited‘Hie’symptoms. The postural change test was performed in five-minute-loads in a standing position after a rest period of 10 minutes in a spine position. The skin temperature in the lower limbs was measured before and after the test. A stainless steel acupuncture needle (length, 40 mm; diameter, 0.2 mm) was inserted approximately 15 mm in depth at SP6 (Sanyinjiao, Saninko). EAT using an active electrode (needle) at SP6 and a reference electrode (surface electrode) at the lateral-anterior aspect of the lower leg were carried out at a frequency of 1 Hz for 20 minutes. The therapy was provided in a total of 5 sessions, with 1 session per week, and the postural change test was performed after 5 sessions. Thermal images from the medial aspect of the foot to the tibial aspect of the lower leg were captured using a thermography device, and mean skin temperature was calculated in selected regions of the toes and tibial aspect of the lower leg. Effects of the therapy were also evaluated using an original questionnaire (‘Hie’diary) concerning‘Hie’symptoms, which consists of six categorical scales of 14 symptoms including‘Hie’and severity of‘Hie’on a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used. Moreover, changes in health-related quality of life by acupuncture were evaluated using the SF-8 Standard Edition. Results: Subjects were classified according to the results of the postural change test: 23 people (no vasomotor dysfunction group; non-vd group) whose skin temperature in the toe decreased after the postural change and 20 people (vasomotor dysfunction group; vd group) whose skin temperature in the toe increased after the load or showed a different reaction between right and left. In the vd group, the total score of 14 symptoms in the‘Hie’diary was significantly higher, and subjective‘Hie’symptoms showed a more severe score than that in the non-vd group. The bodily pain score in the SF-8 in vd group was significantly lower than a national reference value. After an EAT session, the vd group’s skin temperature on the tibial aspect of the lower leg at 20 minutes after completion of the load was significantly higher than that before the load. Moreover, changes in the VAS score and SF-8 score showed no statistical significant in both groups, but the total score of 14 symptoms decreased significantly in the vd group. Conclusions: We suggested that normalization in the blood vessel reaction in lower limbs by EAT at SP6 contributed to the improvement in the systemic condition that was determined by the postural test. The issue of further investigation is to elucidate the pathogenesis andor establishment of the treatment in the subjects with‘Hie’symptom whose vasomotor function was within normal limits.

Effects of Electro-Acupuncture Therapy (EAT) to the Lower Limbs of Young Women who Suffer from Chilly Constitution (‘<I>Hie</I>’symptoms)—As judged by bodily pain (BP) score of Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form-8 / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

<B>Objective</B><br> We examined the effects of low frequency electro-acupuncture therapy (EAT) on young women who suffered from‘<I>Hie</I>’symptoms, which were judged according to the national normal value of bodily pain (BP) scores from a ”Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form-8 Survey“ (SF-8).<br><B>Subjects and Methodology</B><br> The experimental subjects were 20 women (mean age: 21.2 years old; range: 18-26 years old) who exhibited symptoms of ‘<I>Hie</I>’ symptoms (vasomotor dysfunction) and whose toes’skin temperature increased or showed a different reaction between right and left during apostural change test. A stainless steel acupuncture needle (length: 40 mm; diameter: 0.2 mm) was inserted approximately 15 mm deep at SP6 (Sanyinjiao, Saninko). EAT using an active electrode (the needle) at SP6 and a reference electrode (surface electrode) at the lateral-anterior aspect of the lower leg was applied at a frequency of 1 Hz for 20 minutes. The therapy was provided one session per week for a total of five sessions. Effects of the therapy were evaluated by using an original questionnaire (‘<I>Hie</I>’diary), which consisted of six categorical of 14 symptoms (including of‘<I>Hie</I>’) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) of‘severity of <I>Hie</I>’. Moreover, changes in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) by acupuncture were evaluated by using the SF-8 Standard Edition.<br><B>Results</B><br> Subjects were grouped according to their SF-8 BP scores before the therapy: 12 subjects (L group) whose scores were less than the national normal value (42.75 points), and eight subjects (H group) whose scores were more than the national normal value. For both groups VAS levels showed no statistically significant changes, but for the L group the total score of 14 symptoms significantly decreased after the second therapy session compared with scores before the therapy. Moreover, the statistically significant decrease in the total score lasted for one month after the therapy had been finished. Compared with before therapy, the score of ‘vitality’ (VT) significantly increased for the L group one month after the therapy, and those of BP and ‘mental health’ (MH) significantly increased for the L group just after and one month after the therapy.<br><B>Conclusions</B><br> EAT at SP6 on young women with ‘<I>Hie</I>’ symptoms (vasomotor dysfunction) contributes to improvement in overall condition and health-related QOL, and it is occluded that the effect of the EAT was high, because HRQOL was low (the score of BP was low).

Effects of Electro-Acupuncture Therapy to Lower Limbs on Chilly Constitution (‘Hie’Symptoms) —Comparison by the presence or absence of vasomotor dysfunction— / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

<B>Objective:</B> We examined the effects of low frequency electro-acupuncture therapy (EAT) in young women with‘Hie’symptoms, which were classified according to the presence of the vasomotor dysfunction as determined by the postural change test.<br><B>Subjects and Methods:</B> Subjects were 43 women (mean age, 21.2 years) who exhibited‘Hie’symptoms. The postural change test was performed in five-minute-loads in a standing position after a rest period of 10 minutes in a spine position. The skin temperature in the lower limbs was measured before and after the test. A stainless steel acupuncture needle (length, 40 mm; diameter, 0.2 mm) was inserted approximately 15 mm in depth at SP6 (Sanyinjiao, Saninko). EAT using an active electrode (needle) at SP6 and a reference electrode (surface electrode) at the lateral-anterior aspect of the lower leg were carried out at a frequency of 1 Hz for 20 minutes. The therapy was provided in a total of 5 sessions, with 1 session per week, and the postural change test was performed after 5 sessions. Thermal images from the medial aspect of the foot to the tibial aspect of the lower leg were captured using a thermography device, and mean skin temperature was calculated in selected regions of the toes and tibial aspect of the lower leg. Effects of the therapy were also evaluated using an original questionnaire (‘Hie’diary) concerning‘Hie’symptoms, which consists of six categorical scales of 14 symptoms including‘Hie’and severity of‘Hie’on a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used. Moreover, changes in health-related quality of life by acupuncture were evaluated using the SF-8 Standard Edition.<br><B>Results:</B> Subjects were classified according to the results of the postural change test: 23 people (no vasomotor dysfunction group; non-vd group) whose skin temperature in the toe decreased after the postural change and 20 people (vasomotor dysfunction group; vd group) whose skin temperature in the toe increased after the load or showed a different reaction between right and left. In the vd group, the total score of 14 symptoms in the‘Hie’diary was significantly higher, and subjective‘Hie’symptoms showed a more severe score than that in the non-vd group. The bodily pain score in the SF-8 in vd group was significantly lower than a national reference value. After an EAT session, the vd group’s skin temperature on the tibial aspect of the lower leg at 20 minutes after completion of the load was significantly higher than that before the load. Moreover, changes in the VAS score and SF-8 score showed no statistical significant in both groups, but the total score of 14 symptoms decreased significantly in the vd group.<br><B>Conclusions:</B> We suggested that normalization in the blood vessel reaction in lower limbs by EAT at SP6 contributed to the improvement in the systemic condition that was determined by the postural test. The issue of further investigation is to elucidate the pathogenesis andor establishment of the treatment in the subjects with‘Hie’symptom whose vasomotor function was within normal limits.

Behaviour factor in Hiesho (excessive sensitivity to cold symptoms), health-related QOL and BMI in male and female subjects who feel Hiesho / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

[Objectives]We investigated the behaviour factors in Hiesho (excessive sensitivity to cold symptoms), a summary score of Health-related QOL (SF-8) and Body Mass Index (BMI) in subjects who feel Hiesho (hereinafter referred to as Hiesho Subjects), in relation to sex, and showed the future direction of acupuncture therapy on Hiesho.<BR>[Methods]After approval by the Ethics Committee, we obtained written informed consent from the participants in this study. Participants were 753students in a vocational college. The study was performed with questionnaires, which were delivered by hand to the participants in September, 2008. We analyzed 629 subjects (538 males and 91 females, mean age of 27.4 ± 6.8) whose responses were valid. The questionnaire consisted of age, sex, height, weight, subjective Hiesho, 24 behaviour patterns of Hiesho according to a previous study, and Health-related QOL (SF-8, Japanese version). We used two summaries -physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) -which are derived from standard values (scores) in the nation on eight scales of SF-8 calculated using the special scoring software. Total scores of behaviour patterns of Hiesho subjects (HIE Scores) and summary scores and BMI in male and female subjects were statistically analyzed using covariance structure analysis technique in multiple populations (Amos Ver. 7).<BR>[Results]In our model, the Comparative Fit Index (CFI), Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) and Root Mean Squares Error of Approximation were 1.00, 75.886 and 0.00, respectively, which showed a high degree of compatibility. We found the relations from Hiesho Scores to PCS (β=-0.175, p < 0.01) and MCS (β=-0.179, p < 0.001) and from PCS to MCS (β=-0.089, p=0.038) in male Hiesho subjects. In contrast, in female Hiesho subjects, there were relations from Hiesho scores to MCS (β=-0.601, p < 0.001) and from PCS to MCS (β=-0.244, p < 0.05).<BR>[Discussion]From the results of our investigation, Hiesho was considered not to be associated with Health-related QOL in male Hiesho subjects but to be associated with mental factors in female Hiesho subjects.<BR>[Conclusions]It was shown that we should consider the patient's sex in acupuncture therapy on Hiesho.

Effects of Acupuncture Electrotherapy to Lower Limbs on Hie Symptom (Vasomotor Dysfunction) / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

<b>Objective</b><br> We examined the effects of acupuncture electrotherapy in young women with hie symptoms (excessive sensitivity to cold), presented in conjunction with vasomotor dysfunction as determined by the postural change test.<br><b>Subjects and Methods</b><br> Subjects comprised 20 women (mean age, 20.6 years; range, 18-26 years) who exhibited symptoms of hie, evaluated as toe skin temperature after standing for 5 mins or a temperature difference between the right and left toes as compared to before standing. A stainless steel acupuncture needle (length, 40 mm; diameter, 0.2 mm) was inserted approximately 15 mm in SP6 (Shangqui). Acupuncture electrotherapy connected an acupuncture electrode to SP6 and a non-feeling electrode to lateral of the tibial tuberosity, and was undertaken at a frequency of 1 Hz for 20 mins. Therapy was provided as a total of 5 sessions, with 1 session each week, and the postural change test was performed before and after therapy. Thermal images from the medial aspect of the foot to the tibial aspect of the lower leg were captured using a medical thermography device, and mean skin temperature was calculated in selected regions of the toes, metatarsals, ankle, and tibial aspect of the lower leg. Therapy was evaluated using a questionnaire with two originally designed scales: a categorical scale of 14 symptoms including hie; and degree of hie on a visual analogue scale (VAS). Subjects completed the questionnaire every day during a period from 1 week before therapy sessions began until 1 week after completion of all 5 sessions. Scores for hie symptoms were calculated as mean values from the total score of the 14 symptoms and VAS each week. Changes in health-related quality of life with acupuncture were evaluated using the SF-8 Standard Edition.<br><b>Results</b><br> Toe skin temperature just after standing was not significantly increased by therapy as compared to before standing. Skin temperature on the tibial aspect of the lower leg 20 mins after standing was significantly increased as compared to the adaptation period. In terms of hie, VAS and SF-8, no significant changes were seen before and after therapy, but total score for the 14 symptoms decreased significantly.<br><b>Conclusions</b><br> Acupuncture electrotherapy to SP 6 did not appear to exacerbate hie symptoms after reductions in air temperature, while normalizing the postural vascular reflex and improving hie-related symptoms.

Effects of Acupuncture Therapy on Juvenile Myopia / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

The effects of acupuncture treatment were investigated in 200 patients (99 males and 101 females, average age 16.1±0.2 (SE.)) who complained of reduced visual acuity, including juvenile myopia (age 13.25).<BR>Acupuncture treatment involved leaving the needle in place for 15 min, after inserting to a depth of 10-5 mm from the skin surface.<BR>The vital points Taiyo (Ex-HN5), Fuchi (GB-20), Shokyu (ST-1) and Goukoku (LI-4) were the basic points used for acupuncture therapy with Ganen (GB-4), Sanchiku (BL-2), Zui (ST-8) or Kyokuchi (LI-11) as supplemental points depending on individual symptoms. These acupuncture treatments improved the mean acuity by 0.33 in the right eye and 0.31 in the left.<BR>Analysis of these results indicated that acupuncture treatment caused significant improvement of visual acuity (P<0.01). Therefore, acupuncture therapy was considered to be an effective treatment that improved regulation of the ciliary muscle and the pupillary myosis system.

Effects of Acupuncture Therapy on Myopia of Children / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

The effects of acupuncture treatment were investigated in 292 patients (140 males and 152 females, average 9. 6 ± 1. 7 (S. D.) age) who complained of reduced visual acuity, including school boys and girls (6-12 age).<BR>Acupuncture treatment involved leaving the needle inplace for 15min, after inserting to a depth of 10-15mm from the skin surface.<BR>The vital points ; Taiyo (Ex-HN5), Fuchi (GB-20), Syokyu (ST-1) and Goukoku (L1-4) were the basic points used for acupuncture therapy with Ganen (GB-4), Sanchiku (BL-2), Zui (ST-8) or Kyokuchi (LI-11) as supplemental points depending on individual symptoms. These acupuncture treatments improved the mean acuity by 0.26 in the right eye and 0.22 in the left. Analysis of these results indicated that acupuncture treatment caused significant improvement of vlsual acuity (p<0.01).<BR>Therefore, acupuncture therapy was considered an effective treatment that improved regulation of the ciliary muscle and the pupillary myosis system.

Effects of Electro Acupuncture on the Function of Autonomic Nervous System in the Pupillary Diameter / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

The effects of electro acupuncture on autonomic nerve functions associated with the pupil were examined by measuring the diameter of the iris (D1), the maximum rate of iris constriction (VC) and the maximum rate of iris dilation (VD) before, during and after electro acupuncture.<br>An iris recorder which can be used even in the supine position was used for measuring three parameters.<br>As a result, the change with the above stimulation was reflected in a diminution of D1, presumably influencing parasympathetic nerve. Besides, VC and VD tended to increase with light reflex, presumably improving pupillary reactivity.

Evaluation of the Area of Compression Using a Newly Developed Pressure Algometer / 日本東洋医学雑誌

There has been little basic research done on the number of times it is possible to measure the presence or degree of tenderness at the same location, or on the variation in the degree of tenderness with the diameter of the pressure attachments.<br>Changes in the degree of tenderness resulting from alterations in the area of compression were evaluated using a highly-precise digital pressure algometer developed by the authors. The results of a basic study of the relationship between the number of times pressure was applied and the changes in the degree of tenderness are also reported.

The Treatment of Temporomandibular Joint(TMJ) Arthrosis by Acupuncture / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

Temporomandibular arthrosis, whose major symptoms are trismus, pain of the temporomandibular joint and articular noise, has recently been increasing, primarily in younger people. This condition is often accompanied by unexplained complaints (e. g., headache and stiffness of the neck and/or shoulder) which are indications for the application of acupuncture therapy. To deepen the recognition of temporomandibular arthrosis by clinicians, we recently prepared a video tape showing detailed procedures of acupuncture therapy for this disease. The first half of this video tape consists of an explanation of the anatomical features of the temporomandibular joint, the pathophysiology and classification of temporomandibular arthrosis, and magnetic resonance images of the temporomandibular joint. The latter half consists of the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures for this disease, including the acupoints often stimulated for its treatment and the techniques of acupuncture therapy.

The Effect of Acupuncture Therapy on Abnormal Eye Movement in Wallenberg's Syndrome / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

INTRODUCTION<br>There have been very few reports on the effects of acupuncture on abnormal eye movements often seen in patients with central vertigo. Recently we had the opportunity to apply acupuncture to a case of Wallenberg's syndrome, which displays a peculiar nystagmus and vertigo. This case is reported because the effectiveness of acupuncture in improving the eye movement was proved by the electronystagmography (ENG) in collaboration with the Nihon University School of Medicine.<br>CASE REPORT<br>Patient: A 47 year old man. Diagnosis: Wallenberg's syndrome. Chief Complaint: Vertigo. Present Illness: In Nov. 1980, the patient noticed a loss of pain and temperature sense in his right limb, followed by vertigo. He was admitted to the Nihon Univ. Hospital in Dec. 1980. CT-examination of the whole body, a vertebral arteriogram, etc. indicated a circulatory failure in the left lateral area of the medulla oblongata.<br>In Mar. 1981, the patient visited our clinic with the chief complaint of vertigo. Present Condition: He complained of rotary vertigo. The orthostatic test was positive with both opened and closed eyes. A decrease in the pain and temperature sense on the right side of the body, except for the head, was observed.<br>COURSE<br>Acupuncture was applied to the posterior region of the neck, the back, and the lateral of the lower extremity in order to relax the muscles of these parts. After acupuncture the patient reported a decrease in his vertigo. After the twentieth session of acupuncture the symptoms improved to the extent that he could go out alone. After the twenty-second session, he returned to work. Although his vertigo and nystagmus did not completely disappear, an obvious improvement in these symptoms was seen after each session, and this improved condition remained for two or three days. With the ENG recorded before, shortly after, and 30min. after a session of acupuncture therapy, a decrease in abnormal eye movement after the session was confirmed.<br>CONCLUSION<br>Acupuncture therapy was applied to a case of Wallenberg's syndrome.<br>Result:<br>1. A short-term decrease in vertigo was observed.<br>2. A decrease in abnormal eye movement after acupuncture therapy was confirmed by electronystagmography.