The effect of visual-vestibular sensory input consistency on standing stability and electroencephalogram brain network characteristics in the elderly / 生理学报

Aging is a crucial factor influencing postural stability control and contributing to frequent falls, yet its underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This study aims to explore the effects of aging on postural stability control by comparing differences in postural stability and node strength of electroencephalogram (EEG) brain network between elderly and young people under the conditions of congruent and incongruent visual-vestibular sensory inputs. Eighteen elderly volunteers without neuromuscular disorders and eighteen young individuals participated in the present study. Virtual reality (VR) technology was employed to manipulate visual rotation stimuli (clockwise and counterclockwise), and a horizontal rotating platform was used for vestibular rotation stimuli (clockwise). Based on the directional disparity of sensory input in the horizontal plane, visual-vestibular input consistency was categorized as congruent and incongruent. Postural stability was assessed by the center of pressure (COP) trajectory, and EEG signals were collected and analyzed using directed network analysis to observe EEG brain network node connectivity strength. The results revealed that, under conditions of incongruent visual-vestibular sensory inputs, the elderly exhibited significantly inferior postural stability performance in terms of COP anterior-posterior (Y-axial) sway speed, total path length, anterior-posterior and medial-lateral sample entropy, compared to the young adults. Moreover, the node connectivity strength of visual cortex in the elderly was notably higher, while node connectivity strength of superior temporal cortex was significantly lower than that in the young adults. These findings suggest that the elderly have a heightened reliance on visual information in postural control and an impaired ability to cope with sensory conflicts arising from incongruent visual-vestibular sensory inputs, leading to compromised postural stability. The outcomes of this study hold significant implications for future assessments of balance function in the elder and fall prevention trainings.

Effect of incRNA uc. 48 + on liver glycogen in type 2 diabetic rats / 中国药理学通报

Aim: To observe the effect of uc.48 + small interference RNA (siRNA) on liver glycogen abnormality in type 2 diabetic rats and its possible mechanism. Methods: The diabetes model was established by feeding high glucose and high fat diet combined with streptozotocin(STZ). After the success of the model, the long noncoding RNA uc. 48 + siRNA was injected into the rat body via tail vein. The changes of blood glucose and the content of liver glycogen were detected dynamically, and the liver glycogen was detected one week after injection. Glucokinase (GK) mRNA and protein expression in liver tissues of each group were detected by qPCR and Western blot. Results: It was observed that postprandial blood glucose and fasting blood glucose decreased in diabetic model rats after treated with uc. 48 + siRNA compared with those in model rats. The level of liver glycogen in diabetic model rats was significantly lower than that in control group. The synthesis of liver glycogen in diabetic model rats with uc. 48 + siRNA treatment increased compared with that in diabetic model group. The expressions of GK mRNA and protein in the diabetic model group were significantly lower than those in control group. The expression of GK mRNA and protein markedly increased after uc. 48 + siRNA treatment. Conclusions: uc. 48 + siRNA reduces blood glucose and increases glycogen synthesis in type 2 diabetic rats, and its mechanism may involve in increasing GK expression and Aktl phosphorylation.

Analysis on potential factors of small for gestational age of Zhuang ethnicity in Wuming District of Nanning / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To understand the prevalence of small for gestational age (SGA) in Zhuang population, and to analyze the potential factors of SGA. Methods A total of 3 839 live births in the Wuming District People’s Hospital and Wuming Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2016 to January 2018 were recruited. Random Forest, 2 test and Logistic regression model were used for statistical analyses. Results The incidence of SGA was 9.6% (368/3 839), and it was 6.9% (142/2 049) and 12.6% (226/1 790) for male and female infants respectively. Random Forest method showed that second-trimester intrauterine growth restriction’s importance score was the highest, but gestational week’s was the lowest. Also, seven important variables were selected by this method. Unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that parity <2, the height of mothers <1.55 m, insufficient gestational weight gain, second-trimester intrauterine growth restriction were risk factors for SGA, but pre-pregnancy BMI ≥18.5 kg/m2 and male infants were protective factors. Conclusions The incidence of SGA is slightly higher, among the Zhuang population in Guangxi. SGA is affected by many factors. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the status of intrauterine growth and adopt comprehensive measures to control and reduce the incidence of SGA.

Influencing factors for the psychological burden of depressive patients'caregivers / 预防医学

Objective To investigate the influencing factors for the psychological burden of depressive patients' caregivers. Methods We enrolled the chief caregivers of depressive patients who were hospitalized in Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital as our subjects. We investigated them by Caregiver Burden Inventory, Social Support Revalued Scale (SSRS) , Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and Suicide Risk Assessment Scale, and learned influencing factors for the psychological burden of these caregivers by multiple linear regression analysis. Results We totally enrolled 101 subjects and collected 96 questionnaires (95.04%) . The 96 respondents scored (24.88±12.94) points in the psychological burden and 54 of which scored more than 20 points, accounted for 56.25%. The positive rate of mental pressure was 65.63%, which was the lowest; the positive rate of social burden was 93.75%, which was the highest. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the objective support (β=-1.856, P=0.002), subjective support (β=0.526, P=0.008) and high suicidal score of depressive patients (β=0.290, P=0.048) were the influencing factors for the psychological burden of depressive patients' caregivers. Conclusion More than half of the caregivers have psychological burden, which is associated with objective support, subjective support and high suicidal score of depressive patients.

Clinical effect of 1g/L anthocyanin eye-patch for mild and moderate dry eye / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:To evaluate the clinic efficacy of 1g/L anthocyanin eye-patch for mild and moderate dry eye. METHODS: ln this prospective and multicenter study, a total of 320 cases (640 eyes) with mild and moderate dry eye were enrolled from 8 Aier Eye Hospitals in Changsha, Chongqing, Wuhan and so on from October 2016 to April 2017. The patients were assigned to eye patch group (160 cases) and artificial tears group (160 cases) based on random number table. The patients in eye-patch group used 1g/L of anthocyanin eye-patch for more than 6h during night sleep, while the patients in artificial tears group used polyvinyl alcohol eye drops for 4 times per day. The evaluation of symptoms and signs were conducted on 1d before the treatment and 14d after the treatment. The evaluation of symptoms adopted the Ocular Surface Disease lndex ( OSDI), while the observation of signs included tear secretion test (Schirmer ︳ test, S︳t), first noninvasive tear breakup time (NITBUTf) as well as average noninvasive tear breakup time (NITBUTav) measured by Oculus ocular surface analyser. RESULTS: OSDI score, NITBUTf and NITBUTav in the two groups after treatment were significantly improved compared with that before treatment, and the difference had a statistical significance (P < 0. 05). While the difference of S︳t in the two groups before and after treatment had no statistical significance(P>0.05). There was no significant difference in OSDI score, NITBUTf, NITBUTav and S ︳ t between the two groups after treatment (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: The 1g/L anthocyanin eye-patch has similar efficacy with artificial tears for mild and moderate dry eye, which can effectively improve the symptoms and tear film stability.

Clinical study on Qinghouyan lozenge in treatment of acute pharyngitis / 中国中药杂志

To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Qinghouyan lozenge in the treatment of acute pharyngitis due to Lung-heat and Yin-deficiency, and compare with Qinghouyan oral Liquid. Totally 144 subjects were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups (72 in the test group and 72 in the control group). The participants in the test group were given Qinghouyan lozenge for 5 days, and those in the control group were given Qinghouyan oral Liquid for 5 days. The effectiveness evaluation indexes were pharyngalgia/odynophagia disappearance rate, overall efficacy of TCM syndromes, TCM syndrome scores, and single syndrome and sign disappearance rate. During the test, the safety was evaluated by vital sign, lab examination indexes and adverse events. The results for the full analysis set showed that the couth disappearance rate, the incidence rate of TCM syndromes, and the throat/uvula congestion disappearance rate of the test group were higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05), with significant differences in the changes in syndrome scores between the two groups (P < 0.05). Altogether 3 adverse events were observed in the test group while 6 adverse events in the control group, without significant differences in the adverse event rate between the two groups (P < 0.05), serious abnormal laboratory examinations and vital signs. In conclusion, Qinghouyan lozenge has better efficacy in treatment of acute pharyngitis due to Lung-heat and Yin-deficiency than Qinghouyan oral liquid, with good safety.

Establishment and application of screening methods for non-agonist PPARγ ligand / 药学学报

In-vitro assay methods were established to evaluate transactivation and binding activity of compounds on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor y (PPARγ). Firstly, plasmids were constructed for transactivation assay of PPARγ response element (PPRE) triggered reporter gene expression, and for cell-based binding activity assay of the chimeric receptor, which was fused with PPARγ ligand binding domain (LBD) and yeast transcriptional activator Gal4. Secondly, by using PPARy competitive binding assay based on time resolved-fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET), affinities of compounds and drugs to PPARγ were evaluated. In application of these above methods, the PPARγ activating potency and characteristics of different compounds were evaluated, and a novel benzeneselfonamide derivative, ZLJ01, was found to have comparable binding activity and affinity with the well-known PPARy agonist, but lack of PPRE mediated transactivation activity. In preliminary study on in-vitro hypoglycemic activity, ZLJ1 was found to promote insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by liver cells. Therefore, we believe that combining transactivation and binding activity as well as affinity evaluation, the system could be used to screen non-agonist PPARγ ligand as anovel PPARγ modulator

Inhibitory effect of Akt inhibitor deguelin on the growth of PC-3 prostate cancer cells / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the inhibitory effect of Akt inhibitor deguelin on PC-3 human prostate cancer cell lines and its possible mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>PC-3 human prostate cancer cells were cultured in deguelin at the concentrations of 10, 100, 500 and 1 000 nmol/L for 24, 48 and 72 hours, respectively. Then the inhibitory effect of deguelin on the proliferation of the PC-3 cells was determined by MTT assay and that on the cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry. The expression levels of MDM2 and GSK3beta mRNA were measured by RT-PCR and those of MDM2 and GSK3beta proteins by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At 24, 48 and 72 hours, the inhibition rates of deguelin on the proliferation of the PC-3 prostate cancer cells were (91.10 +/- 3.75), (86.39 +/- 1.16) and (79.51 +/- 2.63)% at 10 nmol/L, (82.46 +/- 3.65), (76.84 +/- 0.97) and (69.69 +/- 2.30) % at 100 nmol/L, (81.46 +/- 0.41), (75.56 +/- 1.12) and (54.07 +/- 3.21)% at 500 nmol/L, and (66.77 +/- 2.82), (58.22 +/- 0.35) and (39.34 +/- 2.40)% at 1000 nmol/L, all with statistically significant differences from the control group (P < 0.01). Deguelin at 10, 100, 500 and 1 000 nmol/L increased the cell cycles blocked in the G0/G1 phase ([62.4 +/- 2.2], [63.6 +/- 1.1 ], [65.0 +/- 0.3] and [66.5 +/- 1.9]%, P < 0.01) and reduced the percentage of the S-phase cells ([14.7 +/- 2.4], [11.1 +/- 5.2], [5.8 +/- 1.1] and [7.0 +/- 0.6]%, P < 0.01). RT-PCR and Western blot showed markedly up-regulated expressions of GSK3 P3 a3beta down-regulated expressions of MDM2 mRNA and proteins in the PC-3 cells treated with deguelin.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Akt inhibitor deguelin can inhibit the proliferation of PC-3 human prostate cancer cells by affecting the down-stream signal molecules GSK3P3 and betaDM2 in the Akt pathway.</p>

Expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid 3 ion channel protein in human odontoblasts / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid 3 (TRPV3) ion channel protein in human odontoblasts (OD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty intact and healthy third molars extracted for orthodontic purpose were included. The quality of dental tissue sections was determined through HE staining, and the OD layer was further determined by dentin sialophosphoproteins (DSPP) antibody staining, and finally the expression of TRPV3 ion channel protein in human dental pulp tissue was examined by TRPV3 ion channel protein-specific antibody. The expression of TRPV3 channel proteins in human OD at different part of dental pulp was compared using Image Pro Plus (IPP) and SPSS software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>TRPV3 channel protein expressed on the cell body of OD in the coronal and root pulp, and the expression in the coronal pulp was significantly higher than that in the root pulp. The TRPV3 protein also expressed at the odontoblastic process, with the higher expression in the crown (IA = 2516 ± 162) than in the root (IA = 2224 ± 150) and external root (IA = 2121 ± 92) (P < 0.05), but the expression between the lateral root area and external root area was not significantly different (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Human odonoblasts expressed TRPV3 ion channel protein and the expression level was different at different part of dental pulp OD.</p>

Correction of secondary nasal deformity of cleft lip with autogenous costal cartilage framework / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the correction of secondary nasal deformity of cleft lip with autogenous costal cartilage framework.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>237 cases with secondary nasal deformity of unilateral cleft lip were treated. The rib cartilage was harvested through a mini-invasive incision, and was fabricated as a C-shaped framework, as well as some cartilage fragments. Through transcolumella incision, the C-shaped framework was implanted to support the depressed alar and the cartilage fragments were used to augment the nasal base.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Satisfactory cosmetic and functional results were achieved in all the patients with primary healing. 93 patients were followed up one year after operation with good cosmetic results.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Autogenous costal cartilage framework can be used for the correction of secondary nasal deformity of cleft lip with satisfactory results.</p>

Total nasal reconstruction with total rib cartilage framework / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate a new technique for nasal reconstruction with total rib cartilage framework.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expanded frontal flap was fabricated by skin expansion and flap delay to cover the reconstructed nose. The dorsal flap was reversed as the lining of reconstructed nose. The whole framework was made by rib cartilage. Secondary revision operation was also performed to make the reconstructed nose more natural.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Total nasal reconstruction was performed successfully in 37 cases. Each patient underwent 4-7 operation during a period of 6-8 months. 32 patients were followed up for 12-24 months. The reconstructed nose had a natural skin color and symmetric appearance with good ventilation and less scar. Both doctors and patients were satisfied with the results.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Satisfactory cosmetic result and ventilation function can be achieved by nasal reconstruction with total rib cartilage framework.</p>

Closure of cystic cavity-type bedsore by subcutaneous undermining dissection with continuous negative pressure drainage / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical effect of subcutaneous undermining dissection with continuous negative pressure drainage for the closure of cystic cavity-type bedsore.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>12 patients with cystic cavity-type bedsore underwent surgical debridement and the wounds were closed after subcutaneous undermining dissection. The negative pressure drainage was put in the deep space. The healing process was observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Completed healing was achieved in all the 12 cases. The skin wounds healed after 17-20 days and the deep spaces closed after 36-43 days. 12 cases were followed up for 1 year with no occurrence.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>It is an easy and effective method to treat cystic cavity -type bedsore by subcutaneous undermining dissection with continuous negative pressure drainage.</p>

Immunosuppression of human amniotic mesenchymal cells on allogeneic peripheral blood lymphocytes / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the immunoregulatory effects of human amniotic mesenchymal cells (hAMCs) on allogeneic peripheral blood lymphocytes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The hAMCs were isolated from abandoned human amnion. Peripheral blood mononuclear lymphocytes (PBMLs) were separated from healthy donors by density gradient centrifugation. Then, PBMLs were treated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and different concentrations of hAMCs. Proliferation effect of PBMLs was tested using MTS assay, and production of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha by PBMLs was detected by ELISA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>hAMCs could remarkably inhibit the lymphocytes proliferation. When the ratios of hAMCs to PBMLs were 0.05: 1, 0.10 :1, 0.20: 1, the inhibitory rates of PBMLs proliferation were 16.91%, 20.83% and 28.19%, respectively. HAMCs also decreased the production of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha by PBMLs in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>HAMCs could inhibit the proliferation of allogeneic lymphocytes and reduce secretion of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha, which might be one of the mechanism for prevention and remission of transplant rejection.</p>

Which is the best peri-operative anti-coagulative therapy of transverse sinus stenting for refractory idiopathic intracranial hypertension? / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Treatment of refractory idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a challenging problem. We reported a refractory IIH patient who manifested with typical intracranial hypertensive symptoms successfully treated with endovascular stent implantation. Pre-operative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) opening pressure is 36 cmH2O. Cerebral angiography demonstrated a stenotic lesion located at the right transverse sinus (TS). The stenotic TS returned to its normal caliber and the pressure gradient deceased from 36 mmHg to 4 mmHg after the stent placement. The intracranial hypertensive symptoms resolved and one month later, the CSF opening pressure decreased to 14 cmH2O.

Association between parental MTHFR gene polymorphism 677C/T and nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate in offspring / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the association between parental genetic polymorphism of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C/T and occurrence of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) in offspring in Shandong Province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>MTHFR genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Parents of 89 NSCL/P patients treated at Qilu Hospital from August, 2006 to August, 2008 and those of 64 healthy children were recruited in this case-control study.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Frequencies of T and C alleles in mothers of patients and healthy children were 65.73% and 46.09%, and 34.27% and 53.91%, respectively (Chi-square=13.663, P<0.01). Offspring whose mothers had T alleles were 2.243 times more likely to develop NSCL/P (95%CI: 1.408-3.572). Frequencies of T and C alleles in fathers of patients and healthy children were 62.92% and 55.47%, and 37.08% and 44.53%, respectively (Chi-square=2.222, P>0.05). The chance for parents of the patient and control groups to bear an affected fetus carrying homozygous mutations were 43% and 29%, respectively (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In Shandong Province, maternal genotype for the MTHFR 677C/T polymorphism has a significant impact on the occurrence of NSCL/P in their offspring, whilst paternal genotype for this polymorphism may not be a risk factor for NSCL/P in their offspring.</p>

Effect of Galla chinensis on the remineralization of two bovine root lesions morphous in vitro / 国际口腔科学杂志·英文版

The present study aims to evaluate the effect of Galla chinensis compounds on the remineralization of two artificial root lesions morphous in vitro. Sixty bovine dentine blocks were divided into two groups and individually treated with two levels of demineralization solutions to form erosive and subsurface artificial carious lesions in vitro. Each group was then divided into three subgroups, each of which were treated with a remineralization solution (positive control), deionized water (negative control), or 4 000 mg⋅L(-1) aqueous solutions of Galla chinensis extract. The dentine blocks were then subjected to a pH-cycling regime for 7 days. During the first 4 days, the daily cycle included 21-h deal and 3-h demineralization applications. The dentine blocks were dealt with the entire day during the remaining 3 days. Two specimens from each of the treatment groups were selected and observed under a polarized light microscope. Data collected using a laser scanning confocal microscope were computerized and analyzed. Galla chinensis extract clearly enhanced the remineralization of both erosive lesion and subsurface lesion patterns in the specimens (P<0.05). The level of remineralization of the erosive lesion by Galla chinensis extract was lower than that of the subsurface lesion (P<0.05). In addition, the remineralization of the subsurface lesion by Galla chinensis extract was higher than that of the remineralization solution (P<0.05). No significant difference between the remineralization of erosive lesions by Galla chinensis extract and the remineralization solution was observed (P>0.05). So Galla chinensis extract has the potential to improve the remineralization of artificial root lesions under dynamic pH-cyclic conditions, indicating its potential use as a natural remineralization medicine.

Experimental study on the induced differentiation of human amnion mesenchymal cells into osteoblasts / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the feasibility of inducing differentiation of the human amniotic mesenchymal cells (hAMCs) into osteoblasts in vitro, so as to provide the seed cells for bone tissue engineering.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The hAMCs were isolated from abandoned human amnion and cultured in osteogenic media to induce the osteogenic differentiation in vitro. After hAMCs were induced by osteogenic media for 15 days, morphological observation, immunocytochemistry and western blot were used to study the cellular morphology and expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), type I collagen, osteopontin and osteocalcin.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The primary cultured hAMCs had long spindle shape or irregular shape, which were distributed evenly. The cells were usually suheultured in 5 or 7 days. After subculture, the cells became larger. After cultured by osteogenic media for 15 days, the hAMCs were detected to express ALP, osteocalcin and osteopontin, and secrete type I collagen.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The hAMCs are isolated, cultured and amplified easily in vitro. The induced differentiated cells by osteogenic media have typical osteoblast morphological and functional characteristics, which can be used as seed cells for bone tissue engineering.</p>

Epidemiological survey of dentine hypersensitivity of 630 adults in rural of Sichuan province / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the prevalence and potential risk factors of dentine hypersensitivity of adults in rural of Sichuan province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>All representative samples, including 630 adults living in rural of Sichuan Province, were selected by multi-stage, stratified and random sampling. The dentine hypersensitivity of all 630 cases was surveyed with questionnaire and oral clinical examination. SPSS 18.0 software was used for statistical analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>27.9% of all subjects were suffered from dentine hypersensitivity, sour was the most common stimulus of dentine hypersensitivity. The first premolar was the most common tooth with dentine hypersensitive, which occupied 27.4% of the total affected teeth. Female, acid regurgitation symptom, low frequency of toothbrush replacement (over 3 months), high tooth-brushing force and frequency of fresh fruits consumption (over 2 times per week) probably were high risk factors of dentine hypersensitivity.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The prevalence of dentine hypersensitivity occurs in rural of Sichuan province is high, thus for future the publicity and education on dentine hypersensitivity preventive should be strengthened.</p>

Effect of acupoints with different tissue on electroacupuncture sensation / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the influence on frequency, intensity and the amount of current flow produced by electroacupuncture sensation of acupoints with different distributions (meridian category, tissue type and nerve innervations).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-one healthy volunteers were enrolled. According to the different tissue of acupoints, paired acupoints were grouped: Zusanli (ST 36) vs Yanglingquan (GB 34) (different meridian categories), Neiguan (PC 6) vs Daling (PC 7) (different tissue types), Zusanli (ST 36) vs Shuidao (ST 28) (different nerve innervations), Guanyuan (CV 4) vs Zhongwan (CV 12) (different nerve innervations), and Zusanli (ST 36) vs Guanyuan (CV 4) (different meridian categories, tissue types and nerve innervations). The electric frequency was 15 Hz. The electric current was under the participant's tolerance without sharp pain; the electroacupuncture was applied for three times with interval, 90 seconds totally. Soreness, numbness, fullness, heaviness, tingling, pressure, dull pain, warmness, coolness and amount of current flow were recorded, and the frequency, intensity and current amount between the paired acupoints were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were no significant differences in frequency of needling sensations between paired points (all P > 0.05). In the 9 electroacupuncture sensations, fullness, numbness and soreness were most commonly seen and obvious, heaviness, pressure and tingling came second, and dull pain, warmness, and coolness occurred at lower frequency. There were differences in the intensity of acupuncture sensation between paired acupoints in part of them, the soreness, fullness and heaviness at Zusanli (ST 36) were stronger than those at Shuidao (ST 28) (all P < 0.05 ); fullness and numbness at Zusanli (ST 36) were stronger than those at Guanyuan (CV 4) (both P < 0.01); fullness at Guanyuan (CV 4) was stronger than that at Zhongwan (CV 12) (P < 0.05 ); the current flow of electroacupuncture was similar between paired acupoints (all P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In the situation that there is no obvious difference in amount of current flow caused by electroacu puncture sensation, the obvious correlations between frequency of electroacupuncture sensation and tissue properties of acupoints are not appeared, and the difference of sensation intensity between paired acupoints may be associated with different nerve innervations. The frequency and intensity of electroacupuncture sensation at one acupoint are stable at different times.</p>

Cross-sectional study of dentine hypersensitivity in smaller cities and rural area in Sichuan province / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors of dentine hypersensitivity in smaller cities and rural area in Sichuan province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The examinee aged 20 - 69 years old were interviewed and divided into five age groups (20 - 29, 30 - 39, 40 - 49, 50 - 59 and 60 - 69). The random sampling methods were performed in this study. A total of eight spots were survied, including 4 communities and 4 spots in rural area of Sichuan province. The information about the examinee's age, gender, occupation, education level, tooth brushing methods, the frequencies of eating fresh fruits and fruit juices and so on, were asked and recorded. All subjects were further diagnosed by a blast of air from a triple syringe connected to an air compressor at a pressure of 4 atm under room temperature of about 19 - 24°C.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The premolars were the most commonly affected, followed by the first molar. The exposed root surface was the most commonly affected position [63.87% (663/1038)]. The first premolar had the greatest number of teeth with dentine hypersensitivity [29.96% (311/1038)]. Different tooth had different sensitive position. Female, too much time of using a tooth brush, and hydrochloric acid in gastric juice were risk factors for dentine hypersensitivity (OR value = 2.175, 1.157, 1.760).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Dentine hypersensitivity is influenced by multiple factors. Prevention and treatment need be performed by improving general oral health and periodontal conditions.</p>