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OBJECTIVE To explore the difference in th e mechanis m of baicalein and wogonin inhibiting the energy metabolism of hepatoma cells. METHODS Human hepatoma HepG 2 cells were divided into blank control group （without medicine），different dose groups of baicalein and wogonin （1.25，2.5，5，10 and 20 μmol/L）. The effects of baicalein and wogonin on the viability of HepG 2 cells were detected by MTT assay. HepG 2 cells were divided into blank control group （without medicine），baicalein group and wogonin group. After administration ，the concentration of ATP in cell was detected by enhanced ATP kit. The levels of cell glycolysis and mitochondrial energy metabolism were evaluated by glycolysis and mitochondrial pressure test kit ；the affinity of baicalein and wogonin with key enzymes of energy metabolism was predicted by molecular docking ，and the key enzymes of energy metabolism with high affinity were screened ；the expression of key enzymes of energy metabolism was detected by Western blot. RESULTS Within the dose range of 2.5-20 μmol/L，the half inhibitory concentrations of baicalein and wogonin were 12.84 and 24.09 μmol/L；baicalein 1.25 μmol/L and wogonin 2.5 μmol/L had no effect on cell viability ，so it was selected as the dosage for subsequent experiments. Compared with blank control group ，the concentration of ATP in HepG 2 cells decreased significantly in baicalein group and wogonin group （P＜0.05）；the inhibitory effects on basic acidification rate of HepG 2 cells in wogonin group were significantly stronger than those of baicalein group （P＜0.05），but there was no significant difference between them on the basic oxygen consumption rate （P＞0.05）；baicalein had strong binding to pyruvate kinase M 2 and mitochondrial enzyme complexes Ⅰ（CⅠ），C Ⅱ and C Ⅳ，while wogonin only had strong binding to pyruvate kinase M 2； wogonin could significantly down-regulate the protein expressions of hexokinase ，phosphofructokinase，pyruvate kinase M 2，CⅠ， C Ⅱ and C Ⅳ（P＜0.05），but there was no statistical significance in the effect of baicalein on the regulation of these enzymes （P＞ 0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Both baicalein and wogonin can inhibit the energy metabolism of hepatoma HepG 2 cells，but the mechanism is different ：the effect of baicalein is related to the activity of key enzymes ，while the effect of wogonin is related to the inhibition of the expression of key enzymes of energy metabolism.
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OBJECTIVE：To establish the method for the content de termination of 17 quality markers in Dahuang zhechong pills（DHZCP）. METHODS ：HPLC method was adopted to determine the contents of 17 quality markers in 10 batches of DHZCP ， such as allantoin ，hypoxanthine，salidroside，hydroxypaeoniflorin，glycyrrhizin，isoglycyrrhizin，baicalin，p-methoxyphenylacetic acid，wogonin，cinnamic acid ，apigenin，naringin，norwogonin，aloe emodin ，rhein，chrysin，emodin. The determination was performed on Kromasil 100-5-C18（250 mm × 4.6 mm，5 μm）column with mobile phase consisted of 0.1％ phosphoric acid solution-acetonitrile （gradient elution ） at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The column temperature was 30 ℃ ，the detection wavelength was 210 nm and the sample size was 20 μ L. RESULTS：The linear range of above 17 quality markers were 5.74-183.53，6.51-208.24，4.30-137.65，4.60-147.06，4.12-131.76，4.25-135.88，6.31-201.76，4.60-147.06，1.94-62.06，4.47- 142.94，0.69-22.06，2.29-73.24，2.33-74.41，1.42-45.29，6.65-212.94，1.11-35.44 and 1.47-47.06 μg/mL，respectively（all R2≥ 0.999 0）. RSDs of precision ，repeatability，stability and durability tests were all less than 2％（n＝6）；average recovery of 17 quality markers ranged from 96.31％ to 101.73％，and the RSDs were less than 3％（n＝6）. CONCLUSIONS ：The method is simple， rapid，speific，specise，reproducible，stable，accurate and durable ，and can be used for improving the quality standard of DHZCP.
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Objective To research the change rule of peripheral serum Th1/Th2/Th17 balance and relevant cytokines in atopic dermatitis(AD) and to further study its immunologic mechanism .Methods The levels of peripheral serum IFN‐γ,IL‐4 ,IL‐17 ,IL‐21 and IL‐23 in the patients with AD were detected by the flow immunofluorescence technology and the detection results were performed the statistical analysis ,thus the change rule of Th1/Th2/Th17 balance in AD was analyzed .Results The IL‐4 level in peripheral serum of the patients with AD was increased compared with the healthy control group (P<0 .05);the IFN‐γ/IL‐4 and IFN‐γ/IL‐17 in the AD group were significantly decreased compared with the control group (P<0 .01);IL‐17 was positively corre‐lation with SCORAD scores of AD severity (P<0 .05) .Conclusion Th1/Th2 and Th1/Th17 are decreased in the AD course .Th1/Th2/Th17 balance drift may be the important mechanism of AD pathogenesis .
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Objective To compare the safety of dopamine ( DA) and norepinephrine ( NE) in hypovolemic shock , and the impact on the stability of blood pressure and haemodynamics .Methods Eighty two patients with hypovolemic shock were given fluid resuscitation . All the patients were divided into two groups including DA group (n=41) and NE group(n=41).Recovery of blood pressure, hemody-namic parameters were observed at different time point , and the complications and mortality of two groups were recorded .Results Blood pressure of all the patients returned to normal in 15min after the medication, and became stable after 30min.There was no significant difference in the blood pressure in both groups except that of 15min.Compared with T0, There were higher in the numerous of CVP , CI, ELWI, ITBI.The ELWL at T2 in DA group was higher than that of NE group , while there was no significant difference in the other time points between the two groups(P>0.05).After treatment for 24 h, blood oxygen saturation, urine volume in two groups were significantly increased, blood lactic acid markedly reduced , but lactic acid in NE group was obviously lower than that in DA group (P0.05).Conclusion The effect of NE and DA in maintaining the stability of blood pressure and hemodynamic are equivalent , and NE did not increase the risk of acute kidney injury , but can effectively improve tissue perfusion , reduce arrhythmia and case fatality rate , improve clinical outcomes .
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This study was aimed to compare the antioxidant activity of puerarin and 3 other flavonoid compounds, and to investigate their structure-activity relationship. The intragastric administration of 4 kinds of typical flavonoids compounds (soybean element, puerarin, quercetin and rutin) were given to mice, respectively. The model mice of acute hepatic injury were established with intraperitoneal injection of 0.1% carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) after 7 days. After 18 h fasting, liver tissues were removed. The histomorphology was observed after paraffin sectioning and hematoxylin-eosin staining. The activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in serum were detected with automatic biochemical analyzer. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA), the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in liver tissues were detected with homogenization. The pathological results of liver tissues showed that hepatic damages were decreased in all 4 medicine treatment groups compared with the model group, but there were no significant differences among these treatment groups. The results of blood serum bio-chemical analysis showed that compared with the model group, puerarin and quercetin could decrease the activities of ALT, AST and GGT in serum significantly (P < 0.05, orP < 0.01). There were no content changes of ALP. In the soybean element group, only the activities of ALT and AST decreased obviously (P < 0.05, orP < 0.01). There was no obvious change in the serum of mice in the rutin treatment group. The homogenate detection results of liver tissues showed that compared with the model group, quercetin and rutin significantly lowered MDA (P < 0.05), increased SOD and GSH-Px (P < 0.05, orP < 0.01); while soybean element and puerarin only improved GSH-Px levels (P < 0.05, orP < 0.01). It was concluded that the antioxidant capacity of quercetin was better than that of soybean element, puerarin and rutin, which may be related to its structure. Compared with 3 other chemical compounds, quercetin had more polyhydroxies and its polyhydroxies were not glycosylated, which suggested that the structure of quercetin may be closely related to its antioxidation activity.
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This study was aimed to summarize the adverse drug reaction (ADR) caused by the toxicity of Tripterygium Wilfordiiand its preparations, in order to explore possible relationship betweenTripterygium Wilfordiifactors and reported ADR. Relevant articles on toxicity ofTripterygium Wilfordiiand its preparations were systematically searched in 5 databases, including the Pubmed, CNKI,Wanfang Data, VIP Data and Sinomed from the database was established until Feb 25th, 2014. And then, the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were systematically collected, analyzed and summarized. The results showed that there were 260 RCTs with 13301 patients included. The outcome of data analysis showed that ADR rates of digestive system and reproductive system of RCT1 and RCT2 were different. ADR rates (per hundred people) in RCT1 and RCT2 were as follows: digestive system were 14.73 and 12.26, reproductive system were 8.25 and 8.00, liver was 6.50 and 5.66, kidneys were 6.79 and 3.03, blood system were 6.73 and 6.50, cardiovascular system were 2.35 and 0.67, skin and mucous system were 11.42 and 4.78, respectively. Articles on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) of both RCT1 and RCT2 were the highest, which occupied 22.17% in RCT1 and 63.16% in RCT2. The corresponding ADR rates were 34.18 and 27.26. The standard deviation (SD) of 7 disease types, which were RA, IgA nephropathy, nephritis, nephrotic syndrome (NS), diabetic nephropathy, psoriasis, lichen and rashes, as well as uterine fibroids, was 8.69 in RCT1. The SD of RA, IgA nephropathy, psoriasis, lichen and rashes was 7.11 in RCT2. It was concluded that the possible ADR distribution ofTripterygium Wilfordiiand its preparations were the highest in the digestive system, reproductive system and liver. Besides, different diseases (i.e., RA, nephritis, NS, and etc.) had huge differences with their correspondent ADR rates. Therefore, it was suggested that specific measures should be taken to select the appropriateTripterygium Wilfordiipreparation, protect the stomach and liver during the application ofTripterygium Wilfordiiand its preparations. During medication, attentions should be paid to the reaction of patients. Stop the medication when necessary to minimize ADR rates to the lowest.