ABSTRACT
Background: Being an enterovirus infection, hepatitis A is endemic in most developing countries, with frequent outbursts of minor or major outbreaks. The human cases are the only reservoir of the infection and faecal oral route is the major route of the transmission. Methods: The present study was conducted in an urban hospital, "Kasturba Hospital" at Chinchpokali to discuss the epidemiological aspects of the infective hepatitis cases. 220 cases were studied prospectively, they were interviewed for the history, physical examination and investigation. Results: 1.In this study it was found that the proportion of infective hepatitis was more compared to other infectious disease admitted in Kasturba Hospital. The percentage of Infective Hepatitis was (57.74%) and other infectious disease was (42.26%). The total cases admitted in infective hepatitis was 220 and other infectious disease was 161. The proportion was high of hepatitis A (Infective Hepatitis) in the hospital, 2.Majority of the patients had serum bilirubin level (total and direct) in range of (1-10 mgm%), 74%, 88.18% respectively. 8) Majority of patients (67.72%) had SGPT level in range of 200 and above and SGOT (45.18%) level in range of 41-200 units, 3.Low income generating occupations were seen associated with the infective hepatitis, 4.208 (94.5%) recovered 4 (1.8%) died and 8 (3.6%) went AMA. Conclusion: Our results suggest that educational, legislative and therapeutic interventions to prevent morbidity, mortality and premature death from liver disease are urgently required.
ABSTRACT
Background: Hepatitis can be defined as "Infection of the liver". Hepatitis A is caused by water pollution due to fecal contamination. The aim of study is to know the various epidemiological factors in patients with infective hepatitis admitted in the Kasturba hospital. To identify environmental factors, demographic and socio-economic profile of infective hepatitis. Methods: The present study was conducted in an urban hospital, "Kasturba Hospital" at Chinchpokali to discuss the epidemiological aspects of the infective hepatitis cases. 220 cases were studied prospectively, they were interviewed for the history and physical examination. Results: 1) Out of 220 case males were 126 (57.2%) and female were 94 (42.8%), 2) The age group 15-34 years had the cases 71 (32.27%) and 25-34 age group had the cases 73 (33.18%). The cases declined further with subsequent age groups 35 and above. The difference in child age and adult age was significant, 3) Majority of patients presented with dark yellow urine 87.72%, loss of appetite 83.63% and icterus 96.36%, 4) The patients having liver enlargement were 128 (58.2%) and was significant, 5) The percentage of the patients taking meals outside was 60% and found to be highly significant, 6) Majority of the patients had municipal tap water supply (94.00%), 7) More numbers of patients at chawls were 47.2% and huts were 30 (13.6%), the difference was significant. Conclusion: Health Education should be given to the community regarding the modes of transmission and method of prevention of infective hepatitis through simple and effective media.
ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives: Majority of Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy, Yoga (AYUSH) practitioners use allopathic drugs. This study was conducted to assess frequency of use of AYUSH and Allopathic drugs, and rationality of allopathic drugs in prescriptions of AYUSH practitioners. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted after collecting prescriptions from patients attending clinics of AYUSH practitioners over a period of 5 weeks. Total 401 prescriptions were collected from patients after written informed consent. National list of Essential Medicines 2003, India and other parameters like drug dose, route of administration, indication were used to assess rationality of Allopathic drugs. Descriptive statistics was used for analysis. Results: Total 1037 drugs were studied from 401 prescriptions of AYUSH medicine practitioners. Total 999 (97.65%) Allopathy drugs were prescribed which contained 620 (62.06%) single drugs and 379 (37.93%) fixed drug combinations(FDCs) . 91.52% of total prescriptions contained only allopathic drugs. 19 (4.73%) prescriptions had combination of Ayurveda and Allopathic drugs while one(0.25%) prescription had combination of Homeopathy and Allopathic drugs. Out of 14 AYUSH presriptions containing only AYUSH drugs,13 (3.24%) prescriptions belonged to homoeopathy and one to Ayurveda.Proper diagnosis was written only in 29 (7.23%) prescriptions . 64% of total prescriptions reflected irrational use of Allopathic drugs.Irrational prescribing practices were found high in FDCs (37.13%) as compared with single drugs (26.92%) Conclusion: Allopathic drugs are highly and irrationally prescribed by AYUSH practitioners. Maximum irrational prescribing practice was seen in FDCs as compared to single drugs.