ABSTRACT
We examined the effects of polyphenols on migratory activity of neutrophils into the hydrogel and their production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Origonol and lychee polyphenol were diluted to medium in wide-range concentrations. Each solution was added on hydrogel, and the mixture of blood and luminol was layered on it in each tube. The ROS production was measured by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence, whereas the cell count in the hydrogel was quantified as migratory activity of neutrophils. The migratory activity of neutrophils was not affected, whereas ROS production of neutrophils was significantly decreased above 100 μg/ml, but increased below the concentration.<br>
ABSTRACT
AHCC (Active Hexose Correlated Compound) is an extract from mycelia of <i>Lentinula edodes, a mushroom</i> of the basidiomycetes family, which is cultivated in liquid media in a large tank. It is one of the most frequently used products in complementary and alternative medicine among cancer patients in Japan. Also in recent studies, it has been reported as efficacious in treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases. AHCC has been proved as safe food by various safety evaluations and drug interaction studies have been conducted. The result of a Phase I trial in healthy volunteers concluded that AHCC is safe as a supplement in clinical practice. The present paper reviews the effects of AHCC in ameliorating the side effects of anti-cancer drugs, in modulating the immune system, in reducing inflammation and in infection prophylaxis.<br>
ABSTRACT
Polyphenols are natural substances distributed widely in nature. They have various functions as well as an antioxidant activity, and are raw materials used commonly in food industry. Proanthocyanidins consist of catechin units. It is considered that the bioavailability would be low when orally administered because naturally available proanthocyanidins are high molecular weight resulting from polymerization. We developed a method for production of oligomeric proanthocyanidins from polymeric proanthocyanidins in collaboration with Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Nagasaki University. The method can be applicable to food process. The product produced through this method is named as “Oligonol”, which is superior to currently distributed polyphenols in <i>in vivo</i> antioxidant activities.<br> Oligonol is produced by oligomerizing proanthocyanidins derived from lychee fruit. The oligomerization mechanism is nucleophilic substitution of catechin monomers at the C-4 position of proanthocyanidins fragmentated under acidic condition. Oligomeric proanthocyanidins are available to be produced from any polymeric proanthocyanidins according to this method.<br> The safety of Oligonol was confirmed by various safety assessments, and a Phase I safety study in human has been conducted. Oligonol is also certified as NDI (New Dietary Ingredient) by US FDA. Oligonol possesses a predominant bioavailability when orally administered, and a lot of researches about improvement of blood flow, anti-fatigue, reduction of adipose and cosmetic appearance are vigorously underway.<br>